EVALUATING THE WATER QUALITY OF SOME WELLS IN AL-RIFAI CITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v10i1.124Keywords:
measuring total dissolved salts (TDS)Abstract
Due to the scarcity of water resources at the present time in Thi-Qar governorate, many people and farmers resort to using groundwater and well water for all purposes to meet their daily water needs. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the quality of well water and determine its suitability for different uses. Therefore, the researchers in this study dealt with evaluating some physical and chemical properties of the water of some wells located in Al-Rifai city in Thi-Qar governorate / southern Iraq during the year 2020 for the purpose of assessing the quality of well water. Water samples were collected from 9 wells at different depths, ranging between 1-7 meters. The electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity and the total dissolved salts were measured. The concentrations of some major ions in the water of these wells, represented by chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate, calcium and dissolved oxygen, were also measured. Analytical methods were followed for determining chloride ions, bicarbonate, carbonate and calcium, and measuring total dissolved salts (TDS), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO) and the turbidity using the electrical methods. It was found that the concentration of ions in the well water for chloride ranged between (31.6 - 3.8 meq / L) and calcium (43.26 - 71.8 meq / L), while the bicarbonate values ranged between (630 - 160 meq / L). The pH values ranged between (7.38 - 7.5) and the EC values between (4.35 - 1.33 mmho / cm), while the values of the TDS ranged between (2175 - 666 ppm) and the DO values ranged between (8.85 - 7.30 ppm). The turbidity values ranged between (FTU 105 - 0.05 FTU). It was found through the study that the values of some ions were high, while others were within the permissible limits, and this indicates contamination of well water in that area. It was also found that the behavior of that water was a basic behavior. All physical and chemical properties were represented in the form of contour maps to illustrate the general distribution of these values in the wells of the study area.
Downloads
References
Abed, K. F. and Al Wakeel, S. S. 2007. Mineral and microbial content of bottled and top water in Riyadh in Saudi Arabia. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research. 2(3) :151-156.
Adam, G. A. 1983. Industrial Pollution. Basra University Press, Iraq. 300 pages, in Arabic
Al-Adli, Aqil Shaker Ghani, 1992. Human activities on the quality of the water of the Lower Diyala River. Master Thesis, College of Science, University of Baghdad. 108 pages, in Arabic.
-Jwar, A. S., & Neghamish, R. G. (2021). Effect of levels organic fertilizers and kinds of Bio-feritilizers in characterical of two classes of Okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) growning in the plastic house. University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 10(1), 54-69.
ISO 690
-Jwar, A. S., Wahed, M. S. A., & Ghani, S. T. (2021). Study the effect of foliar spraying with Dionyfer and Azomin on the vegetative growth indicators of the leaves of Henna plant (Lawsonia inermis L). University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 10(1), 70-78.
Al-Obeidi, Nabil Muhammad Ali, and Ajam, Ali Falih, 1989. (Industrial Chemistry and Its Raw Materials) Basra University Press, First Edition. 622 pages, in Arabic
Al-Saadi, H. A., T. I. Kassim,, Al-Lami and S. K. Salman (2000). Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Phytoplankton Populations in the Upper Region of the Euphrates River, Iraq. Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, Vol. 30(1):83-90. DOI: 10.1016/S0075-9511(00)80049-3.
Altovisiki, M. E., 1962: Hand book of hydrogeology. Geogoelitzet, Moscow, USSR, 614p.
Al-Zamili, T.F. and Al-Shahmani , H. K. 2005. Evaluation of environmental and geological parameter for ground water in Am-Auneej in Thi-Qar. Journal of Qadasia,Pure Sciences, 10 (1):131-138, in Arabic
Al-Zubaidi, Abdul-Jalil Muhammad (1985). An environmental study on algae (phytoplankton) for some marsh areas near Qurna - southern Iraq. Master Thesis, Basra University, College of Science, 236 pages, in arabic
Appelo,C. A. J. and Postma, D.,1999 Geochemistry, Ground water and pollution, A.A. Balkema Publisherd,536 pages.
Buringh , P. 1960 . Soils and Soil Conditions in Iraq. Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq, 322 pages.
Camp, R. L. and Meserve, R. L. 1974. Water and its Impurities. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross Inc., U.S.A.
Detay, M., Water Well-Implementation, Maintenace Restoration, John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane, Chichester, London, 1997.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Water Health Series: Bottled Water Basics.10 pages.
Haddad, R. H. 1978. Study the Ground Water Quality in Manchester City. England, PhD. Dissertation, University of London.
Hassan, F. M. (2004). Limnological Features Diwanyia River, lraq .Journal of Um-Salama for Science. 1(1):1-6
Hassan, F. M. 2004. Limnological features Diwanyia River, lraq. Journal of Um-Salama for Science. 1(1):1-6
Hem, J. D. 1989. Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water, 2nd Edition, U.S.G.S. Water Supply, Washington D. C., No.147.
Hem, J. D., (1970).Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water. U.S. Geological Surveys water Supply paper 2254, 246 pages.
IQS, Iraqi Quality Standard, 2009: Drinking water, Standard No. 417, C. O. S. Q. C., Iraq.
Jassim, S.Z. and Goff, J.C. 2006. Geology of Iraq. First edition. Dolin, Prague and Moravian, Brno. Czech Republic. 341 pages.
Kostamo, J (2008). Detecting Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water. In: Advanced Studies in Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Ecological Sanitation and Manure Treatment as Tools to Improve Water Hygiene. Edited by, Tanski, H, H., University of Kuopio , Finland.19-23.
Langmuir. D. 1997. Aqueous Environ mental Geochemistry. Prentice Hall. USA, 600 pages.
Mazor. E. ,1990, Applied Chemical and Isotopic Ground Water Hydrology, Wiley, New York , 274pages.
Naseem, M. G. 2007. Analysis and Evaluation of Water Quality. Al-Quds, Alexandria Press, 179 pages, in Arabic
Safe Drinking Water Foundation (SDWF). 2008 .TDS & pH. Safe Drinking Water Foundation, 6 pages.
Shamran, A. R.. 2016. Detection of Rotavirus in pumps water, tanks water and tab water samples in Babylon province. Euphrates Journal of Agriculture Science. 8 (1): 149-153, in Arabic
Todd, D. K.,1980.Ground Water hydro logy ,John Willey, New York, 535 pages.
Todd, D. K.,1980.Ground Water hydrology ,John Willey, New York, 535 pages.
World Health Organization (WHO), 1996. International standard for Drinking Water , Geneva, Switzerland,70 pages.
Jwar, A. S., & Abdul-Wahid, M. S. (2018). Effect of different pollen grain source and chitosan on some physiological and enzymatic characteristics of data palm Phoenix dactylifera L. fruits cv. Alshwethey. Basrah Journal For Date Palm Research, 17(1-2).
Abdul-wahid, M. S., & Jawar, A. (2019). Response of Some chemical, physical and productivity propertiesto date palmPhoenix dactylifera L. cultivation sites. University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 8(1).
Abdul-wahid, M. S. (2019). Effect of Spray by Chelated Iron in physical and Chemical Characteristics of Iraqi Banana Musa Paradisica L. Var Sapientum (L.) Oktze Cultivation South Iraq. University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 8(1).
Saeed A. Mseer, Mahmoud S. Al-Ibrahimi and Falah H. Al-Miahy (2020). The effect of spraying with Nano fertilizers NPK and Gibberellin GA3 on the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics on the vegetative growth and fruit yield of Fig trees, black Diyala cultivar Ficus carica L. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences. DocID: https:// connectjournals.com/03899.2020.16.1793
Maytham M. Kazem, Mahmoud S. Abdul Wahid and Ihssan J. Dhabib (2020). The effect of spraying with nutrient solution and organic fertilization on the vegetative and chemical characteristics of seedlings of domestic sour lemon (Citrus Limon L.). International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences. DocID: https://connectjournals.com/03899.2020.16.1787
Abdul-Wahid, M. S., Aqeel, H. A., & Rawaa, H. H. (2012). Effect of spray by Ascorbic and salicylic acid on some physiochemical properties of the local sour orange seedling citrus aurantium L. Thi-Qar University Journal for Agricultural Researches, 2(2222-5005).
Abdel-Wahed, M. S., & Mohsen, M. G. (2022). Effect of spraying with Ferti Mar and GROWX AMINO MIX on some chemical characteristics of Citrus aurantium seedlings Citrus aurantium L. University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 11(2), 131-141.
Abdel-Wahed, M. S., & Hameed, L. A. (2022). Effect of glutathione and ascorbic acid on some physical characteristics of seedlings of grape plant Halawani cultivar Vitis vinifera L. University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 11(2), 122-130.
ISO 690
Faiza K. Al-Rumaiydh, Falah H. Al-Miahy and Mahmud S. Ebd Alwahid (2020). The effect of Adding Nano NPK and Spraying by Salicylic Acid on some of the Major and Minor Metabolism Products of Pomegranate Seedlings, Cultivar Wonderful in Dhi-Qar Governorate. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences. DocID: https://connectjournals.com/ 03899.2020.16.2051
Abdul-wahid, M. S. (2019). Effect of Spray by Chelated Iron in physical and Chemical Characteristics of Iraqi Banana Musa Paradisica L. Var Sapientum (L.) Oktze Cultivation South Iraq. University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 8(1).
Abdul-Wahid, M. S., & Abdulla, N. A. (2012). Effect of Iron Injection on some chemical Properties and yield of Date palm (phoenix dactylifera L.) cv kudrawe. Thi-Qar University Journal for Agricultural Researches, 1(2222-5005).
Jwar, A. S., & Abdul-Wahid, M. S. (2018). Effect of different pollen grain source and chitosan on some physiological and enzymatic characteristics of data palm Phoenix dactylifera L. fruits cv. Alshwethey. Basrah Journal For Date Palm Research, 17(1-2).
Abdul-wahid, M. S., & Jawar, A. (2019). Response of Some chemical, physical and productivity propertiesto date palmPhoenix dactylifera L. cultivation sites. University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 8(1).
Abdul-wahid, M. S. (2019). Effect of Spray by Chelated Iron in physical and Chemical Characteristics of Iraqi Banana Musa Paradisica L. Var Sapientum (L.) Oktze Cultivation South Iraq. University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 8(1).
-Jwar, A. S., & Neghamish, R. G. (2021). Effect of levels organic fertilizers and kinds of Bio-feritilizers in characterical of two classes of Okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) growning in the plastic house. University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 10(1), 54-69.
ISO 690
-Jwar, A. S., Wahed, M. S. A., & Ghani, S. T. (2021). Study the effect of foliar spraying with Dionyfer and Azomin on the vegetative growth indicators of the leaves of Henna plant (Lawsonia inermis L). University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 10(1), 70-78.
Connectjournals
Journals Directory India - Directory of Journals from India, Journals List
journals directory india - connectjournals.com a directory of journals from india also provides list of e-journals, e-publishing, journal subscription...
Abbas, M. A. F., & Ibrahim, M. A. (1996). The role of ethylene in the regulation of fruit ripening in the Hillawi date palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 72(3), 306-308.
Ibrahim, M. A., Al-Taha, H., & Seheem, A. A. (2013). Effect of cytokinin type and concentration, and source of explant on shoot multiplication of pineapple plant (Ananas comosus' Queen') in vitro/Ucinek vrst in koncentracij citokininov ter vira stebelnih izseckov na in vitro razmnozevanje ananasa (Ananas comosus' Queen'). Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 101(1), 15.
Ibrahim, M. A. (2012). In vitro plant regeneration of local pummelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck.) via direct and indirect organogenesis. Genetics and Plant Physiology, 2(3-4), 187-191.
Ibrahim, M. A., & Daraj, I. A. (2015). Micropropagation of dahlia plants Dahlia variabilis Wild (Desf.). Effect of explant and plant growth regulators on shoot regeneration and growth. Advances in Agriculture & Botanics, 7(1), 1-6.
Ibrahim, M. A., Waheed, A. M., & Al-Taha, H. A. (2013). Plantlet regeneration from root segments of date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhee) producing by in vitro culture. Advances in Agriculture & Botanics, 5(1), 45-50.
Abd Elhamid, M. I., Makboul, H. E., Sedik, M. Z., Ismail, I. M., & Ibrahim, M. A. (2010). Cloning, expression and antifungal activity of an endochitinase gene derived from barley (Hordeum vulgare). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6(3), 356-363.
Sharaf, A. N., Soliman, M. H., Ibrahim, M. A., Moustafa, S. A., & Hadi, A. (2007). Molecular identification and cloning of organophosphate degradation gene in some bacterial isolates. Arab Journal of Biotechnology, 10(2), 259-274.
Raza, T., Ibrahim, M., & Amjad, M. (1999). Seasonal changes in mineral nutrient and seed oil in Kinnow fruit (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Int. J. Agric. Biol, 4, 339-341.
Al-Sereh, E. A., Okash, A. N., & Ibrahim, M. A. (2020). THE EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAY WITH PRO. SOL FERTILIZER AND LICORICE EXTRACT ON SOME VEGETATIVE GROWTH INDICATORS FOR YOUNG POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) SEEDLINGS CV.'SALEMI'. Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci, 16(2), 739-74.
Abbas, M. F., & Ibrahim, M. A. (1998). Effect of pollen parent on the physiology of ripening of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L). Basrah J. Agric. Sci, 11(2), 31-37.
Ibrahim, M. A., Al-Taha, H. A., Saaid, Z. A., & Assist, R. PROPAGATION OF STRAWBERRY VIA IN VITRO ADVENTITIOUS SHOOT FORMATION.
Ibrahim, M. A., Metry, E. A., Moustafa, S. A., Tawfik, A. E., & Nasr El-Din, T. M. (2004). Morphological and molecular diagnosis of commercial potato cultivar infected with ralostonia solanacearum. Arab J Biotechnol, 8, 211-222.
Alnajjar, M. A., Alpresem, W. F., & Ibrahim, M. A. (2020). Effect of amino acid proline treatment on anatomical characteristics of leaves and roots of date palm seedlings Phoenix dactylifera L. developed under saline stress conditions. Plant Archives, 20(1), 755-760.
Ibrahim, M. A., Jasim, A. M., & Abbas, M. F. (2012). In vitro plant regeneration of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Zaytoni via indirect organogenesis. Acta Agric. Slov, 99(1), 65-67.
Ibrahim, M. A., Jasim, A. M., & Abbas, M. F. (2012). In vitro plant regeneration of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Zaytoni via indirect organogenesis. Acta Agric. Slov, 99(1), 65-67.
Ibrahim, M. (2022). Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Hormones in Bioactive Compounds Production in Medicinal Plants via In Vitro Culture Technique. Plant Hormones-Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications.
Al-Hamad, A. D. S., Alnajjar, M. A. H., & Ibrahim, M. A. (2021). The effect of alternating salinity of irrigation water and cultivation level on some soil properties and growth of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) offshoots of Hillawi cultivar in clay soils. Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci. Vol, 17(1), 63-72.
Ibrahim, M. A., & Al-Sereh, E. A. (2019). Effect of foliar spray with potassium humate and green tea extract on some of the vegetative characteristics of guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. Local) seedlings. Plant Archives, 19(1), 404-408.
Ibrahim, M. A., Jerry, A. N., & Khalil, A. I. (2018). Effect of salt stress on some chemicals characteristics of callus for three cultivars of potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.). Advances in Agriculture & Botanics, 10(2), 87-96.
Ibrahim, M. A., Jerry, A. N., & Khalil, A. I. (2017). Effect of plant growth regulators and sodium chloride on indirect organogenesis of three cultivars of potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) via in vitro culture. Advances in Agriculture & Botanics, 9(3), 103-110.
Safana, H. S., Ibrahim, M. A., & Abd, A. M. (2022). Impact of chitosan and benzyl adenine on shoot multiplication of kumquat plant (Citrus japonica Thumb.) in vitro. Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci. Vol, 18(1), 359-365.
Ibrahim, M., Ali, A. H., & Hashem, M. S. (2021). In vitro effects of cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria tenuis) extracellular products on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv.‘Barhee’) propagation. DYSONA-Applied Science, 2(1), 1-7.
Ibrahim, M. A., & Yassin, M. M. (2020). Direct shoot regeneration by in vitro culture of the gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) capitulum explants. Plant Cell Biotechnol Mol Biol, 21, 1-9.
Salih, A. M., Alaradi, H. J., Ibrahim, M. A., & Alhello, A. A. (2019). Effect of some methods of planting in guava (Psidium guajava L.) seed germination. Plant Archives (09725210), 19(2).
Ibrahim, M. A., & Hamzah, H. A. (2019). Effect of the harvest date, storage period and package on the storability of date palm (phoenix dactylifera L. Cv. Taberzal) fruits. Plant Archives, 19(2), 226-231.
Taain, D. A., Ibrahim, M. A., & Al-Sareh, E. A. (2011). A study on the effect of postharvest calcium chloride treatments on the storability of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.). Dirasat, 5, 37.
Abbas, M. F., Ibrahim, M. A., & Jasim, A. M. (2014). Micropropagation of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. cv. Zaytoni) through shoot tip culture. Advances in Agriculture & Botanics, 6(1), 11-15.
Ibrahim, M. A., Al-Taha, H., & AL-ALI, Z. T. (2017). Effect of casein hydrolysate and paclobutrazol on embryogenesis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Nersy by in vitro culture. Journal of Garmian University, 4(ICBS Conference), 395-404.
Ibrahim, M. A., Al-Aradi, H. J., & Muhsen, K. A. (2017). Effect of some growth regulators on proliferation of myrtle (Myrtus communis L. cv. Local) plant by in vitro culture. Advances in Agriculture & Botanics, 9(2), 97-101.
Ibrahim, M., & Yassin, M. M. (2021). Adventitious shoot proliferation from callus of Gerbera jamesonii young leaf explant. DYSONA-Applied Science, 2(4), 47-52.
SAFANA, H. S., ABD, A. M., & IBRAHIM, M. A. (2021). Study of genetic variations of In vitro micropropagation stages of Kumquat (Citrus japonica Thunb.). PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 292-299.
AL-JABIR, H. S. S., ABDULLA, A. A., & IBRAHIM, M. A. A STUDY OF SOME BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS IN WILD MALVA (Malva parviflora L.) PLANT IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF BASRAH, SOUTHERN IRAQ.
Safana, H. S., Ibrahim, M. A. H. I., & Abd, A. K. M. (2022). Effect of NAA and Chitosan in rooting branches resulting from stem nodes plantation of Kumquat (Citrus japonica) in vitro. Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences, 9(1), 7-18.
Salih, A. M., Ibrahim, M. A., Al-Aradi, H. J., & Abass, M. H. (2020). The response of different date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars to callus induction and development by in vitro culture under salt stress. POLISH POLAR RESEARCH, 41(11), 23-41.
Ibrahim, M. A., Mohsen, A. T., Abdel-Mohsen, M. A., & Mostafa, A. S. (2014). Response of some Citrus rootstock seedlings to stimulating growth applications. Egypt. J. Hort, 41(2), 347-363.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Hussein Khalefa Chlaib, Reyad Shaker Badeh, Jalal Hamed Ali , Najm Abed Yasir, Alaa Ibrahim Badi, Jaber Hameed Muttair
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1.png){kind=spacer}
