University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research

Effect of spry with concentrations of zinc on growth and yield of two broad bean ( Vicia faba L.) cultivars

A. H. Saudi — 2019-04-17

Afield experiment was conducted at Hussainyah township of Kerbala, Iraq , during the winter season of 2014 . The aim was to investigate the effect of foliar application of zinc on growth and yield of two Vicia faba L. cultivars . The experiment design was (RCBD) in factorial experiments with three replications in two factors. .The first factor included two broad bean cultivars (local and luz de otono) . The second factor included zinc concentrations (10 , 20 , 30 ,40 mg L^-1 ) in addition to control treatment (broad bean plants which application with distilled water only) .The result showed that local cultivar plants gave the highest values of branches number, 100 seed weight , pods number and seed yield which were 9.55 branch plant^-1 ,12.48 pod plant 123.33 gm and 2617 kg h^-1 , respectively . Broad bean plants that sprayed with zinc concentration 10 mg.L^-1 gave the highest values of branches number, seed number pod^-1 and seed yield 13.05 branch plant^-1 ,4.55 seed pod^-1 and 2878 kg h^-1 , respectively . Broad bean plants that sprayed with zinc concentration 30 mg L^-1 gave highest values of plant height and 100 seed weight 67.17 cm and 126.05 gm . The interaction between zinc concentration and cultivars was significant in most studied traits , the local cultivar which sprayed with zinc concentration 20 ml L^-1 gave the highest seed yield 3505 kg h^-1 .

Synthesis , identification and biological activity for new derived from 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its complexes with some transition metal

ازهار حميد كاطع — 2019-04-18

Abstract

complexes of new ligand 2,2'-{1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diylbis[(1E)hydrazin-2-yl-1-ylidene methylylidene]}bis(6-methoxyphenol) with some transition metal ion such as Cr³, Co³⁺, Ni²⁺ were synthesis ,characterization by conductance ,magnetic susceptibility measurements, elemental analyses CHN , 1HNMR , IR , and mass spectra MS. data spectral study of transition metal complexes suggest octahedral geometry for Cr³⁺, Co³⁺ ion and square planer geometry for Ni²⁺. The complexes and ligand were tested against two types of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus(negative), Escherichia coli(positive)) all prepared complexes showed good biological activity.

Evaluating the efficiency of bio-fertilization Bio Health in the vegetative growth and roots of three types of aloe plant

Farah Ali al-Shaheen — 2019-04-18

The Experiment carried out during the growing season (2015) in canopy canvas of the Faculty of agriculture, University of Basrah and used four levels of Bio fertilizer.. Bio Health..(0,2,4,8) gm.ltr^{- 1}and three plantation varieties of Aloe gender ( perry , ferox , vera ). For the purpose of studying its impact on some green and chemical qualities of Aloe and inhibition activities For some types of bacteria pathogenic to human,we can summarizeas follow:

Given the Bio fertilizer type .. Bio Health.. and boost spirits in vegetative growth indicators (Plant height, number of leaves, paper width, length of paper, paper thickness, size and weight of each paper plant dry and mild vegetative total) Increased concentrations of added fertilizer and higher moral level increase achieved with compost 8 gm/ltr^-1 standard of compared modulus. Observed increase in mild and dry weight of total root of cacti (gender aloe) to increase levels of added fertilizer formulations of manure (Bio health)and The highest increase in moral mild and dry weight of root total (18.134 and 5.049) g.m respectively which achieved with fertilizer formulations treatment 8 gm. Ltr^-1 Bio Health relative to fertilizer formulations transactions under consideration .

different plant species of Aloe plants among moral gender in most thoughtful green qualities as the highest increase in the rate of Vera (plant height, length and width and thickness of the paper and the paper space for each plant as well as mild and dry weight of root vegetative totals) while (perry) referred that’s increasing the number of leaves per plant compared with type (ferox, vera).

concerning to the nested effect between two study (levels of fertilization and plant species of Aloe gender ) he wasn't morally increase vegetative growth indicators and chemical qualities of the Aloe plants leaf relative to treatment comparison .

Growth Media and Urea Application on Tomato Seedlings Growth (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Under Greenhouse Conditions

Mohsen A. Disher — 2019-04-18

A pot experiment under greenhouse conditions was conducted during the grown season 2014 - 2015 in Agricultural College Research Station , Basrah University . The aim was to study the effect of mixing composted plants residuals with soil and different concentration of Urea on some vegetative growth parameters of tomato hybrid ( Foton ). Three types of growth media were designed as : (T1), 100% composted plant residues ; (T2), 1 composted plant residues : 1 soil based on volumes ; (T3), 2 composted plant residues : 1 soil based on volumes. An equivalent of 0.05 (C1) , 0.1 (C2) , and 0.2 (C3) of total volume of growth media were added at media preparation. Each treatment was replicated 5 times . Plant height , number of branches , number of leaves , leaves area , shoot fresh weight , root fresh weight , shoot dry weight , root dry weight were recorded The results showed that higher growth parameters were associated with (T3) as compared with other treatments with higher shoot and root dry weights of 0.55 and 0.13 gm plant^-1 , respectively . Increasing urea level enhanced growth parameters of tomato seedling with higher shoot and root dry weights of 0.41 and 0.12 gm plant^-1 , respectively at (C3) treatment . Tomato seedling grown in (T3) media receiving Urea at level of 0.2% have higher growth parameters with shoot and root dry weights of 0.67 and 0.18 gm plant^-1 , respectively.

EFFECT OF ATONIK AND BORON APPLICATIONS ON SOME VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF JUJUBE TREES (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) CV. TUFAHI

Majid Abdulhameed Ibrahim — 2019-04-18

This study was conducted on 7- years old jujube trees Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. cv. Tufahi which were in grown a private orchard situated in the district of Qurna, north of Basra province, during the growing season (2015-2016). The aim of this study is knowing the effect of different combinations of the spraying Bio stimulator (ATONIK) and Boron (0+0, 3+10, 6+15 and 9+20 mg.l^-1, Respectively) in some physical and chemical characteristics in the leaves jujube trees cv. Tufahi in two stages maturation and ripening fruits. The trees were sprayed twice, first in the 15/11/2015(fruits set) and the second three weeks after the first spray (6/12/2015). The experiments of this study were designed according to the randomized complete block design with three replications by one tree per experimental unit. The spraying combination of ATONIK and Boron (6+15 mg.l^-1) led to higher significant increase in the total carbohydrate content to leaves in two stages maturation and ripening of the fruits. At maturation stage this combination led to higher increase in Chlorophyll a in leaves. At ripening stage Leaf area and its total protein content and nitrogen element was higher in leaves. The spraying combination of ATONIK and Boron (9+20 mg.l^-1) led to higher significant increase in the total chlorophyll, potassium element and potassium/sodium ratio in leaves in maturation and ripening stages of the fruits. In maturation stage this combination gave us higher increase leaf area, total protein content, nitrogen element in leaves. At ripening stage of fruit this combination led to higher increase in chlorophyll b in leaves. The ATONIK and Boron did not record a significant effect on the content of leaves from phosphorus and sodium elements at maturation and ripening stages of the fruits. As well did not record a significant effect on content of leaves from chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a in maturation and ripening stages of the fruits respectively.

A study to estimate the cost function in the long term and economies of scale for the production of the wheat crop in the province of Muthanna Agricultural season 2015 -2014

Hayder Hameed Belao — 2019-04-18

The research aims to address the specific aspects of the structure of costs and economies of scale for the production of the wheat crop in the province of Muthanna and showed results of the analysis of the descriptive high variable costs as it formed about 81% of the total college costs and had operating costs of the pump the largest share, amounting to approximately 34.4% of the total variable cost, and formed a cost fixed about 19% of the total cost of which the largest share of domestic work, amounting to about 90% of the total fixed cost. The adoption of the specimen cube to estimate the cost function being the most suitable to represent the relationship between the variables as evidenced by statistical, economic and standard tests, The results also showed the quantitative analysis that the optimal size of production is 107 tons per farm per space optimum is 164.4 acres the lowest price accepted by the product within the optimal space and production optimization is 165,000 dinars per tonne, as indicated display the results of a function that has been estimated that there is a direct correlation between the quantity supplied and prices, as well as decreasing the average total cost of production and increase up to a lower value at the optimal level of production, which has reached the right one flexible costs and reach flexibility average costs to zero when this production optimization.

Extraction of polysaccharides from Banana ( Musa sapientum) And Use it in improving Organoleptic properties and prebiotic a of Fermented Milk

Khalid Hassak Abdulhasan — 2019-04-19

The polysaccharide was extracted from Banana fruit with hot water at 90°C precipitated by absolute ethanol. Total sugar content was 87.4% and total protein 0.7, while on the wet weight basis the yield of polysaccharide was 3.1%.The fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) techniques was used fo characterization . Fermented dairy product was preparied by using Bifidobacterium bifidum and adding different concentrations(0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%) of polysaccharide . Sensory evaluation of the product storage period for (0, 7, 14 and 21) days at refrigeration (5°C) The rasults showed that 0.2% and 0.3% conducted were better than the rest concentration at probabitity significant level of (p> 0.05). The polysaccharide was examined as prebiotic in fermented milk and the numbers of survival of B. bifidum during storage period of 21 days , it has been noticed a decrease of two logarithmic cycles for the added polysaccharide samples Comparing with the control which decreased three logarithmic cycle.

Study of the effect of mixing three types of herbicide , and their low concentration doses in controlling weeds associated with the wheat crop

KHUDHAIR JOUDAH YASIR AL-SAIDAN — 2019-04-19

An experiment was carried out in a reclaimed land fields Fudaliyah district south of Thi Qar province, a distance (11 km) during the 2015-2016 agricultural season for the purpose of Studying the effect of mixing three types of low concentrations herbicide on weed control and their impact on growth , yield and the components of the wheat crop .

A randomized complete block design (RCBD)was used with four replications. The first treatment included (T1) The recommended concentrations herbicide (Granstar 20g.ha^-1 +Everst 70ml.ha^-1+ Cronus 80g.ha^-1+Trent 250ml.ha^-1+ Pro-sol 150g/100L water) symbolized by the symbol (A). The second treatment (T2) which it 75% of the recommended concentration symbolized by the symbol (B). The third treatment (T3) which it 50% of the recommended concentration symbolized by the symbol (C). In addition, there was the fourth treatment (T4) treatment compared it's symbol (D). Abbreviated the mixing process and different concentrations numbers of weed (76% ,91.74% ,98.61% ) for treatment (A) , (67% ,83.47% ,79.17% ) for treatment (B), (45% ,55.37% ,63.89% ) for treatment (C) with discouraged dry weights (61.19% ,59.75% ,95.29% ), (55.66% ,51.25% ,37.32% ), (39.22% ,36.21% ,18.12% ) respectively, compared to the comparative treatment. The results showed no significant differences between treatment (A) and treatment (B). Treatment (A) gave significant differences in the components and crop growth (Number of plants, number of spikes, weight 1000 seed and wheat yield) but there are no significant differences in (Plant height, spike length). Therefore, we recommend using the mixing process and low concentrations herbicide to combat weeds from the wheat fields.

Effect of Humic Acid and Potassium on Growth and yield of bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Muhammed Alwan. H. — 2019-04-19

A field experiment was carried out in the province of Muthanna / station Al Bandar during the growing season in 2015 to study humic acid and potassium on growth and yield of the wheat crop, the experiment carried out using a Split Plot Design with three replications the main plots were occupied of three treatments of humic acid is (0-2-4) ml liter ^-1, while potassium fertilizer occupied in three treatments (0-80-160) kg. h^-1 in the form of potassium sulfate (52% K2O) secondary plots wheat class (Abu Ghraib), the results showed superiority of the treatment of 4 ml liter -1 morally in plant height 107.3 cm, and the number of tillers / plant 7.3 Area flag leaf 33.55 cm ² while the treatment of the control as little as possible plant height, reaching 96.22 cm, and the number of tillers / plant where it reached 4.5 Area flag leaf, which amounted to 26.11 cm ², and for yield and its components, the results showed that there were significant differences between acid treatments humic in The traits quotient and its components except 1000 grains, where he excelled treatment of 4 ml liter ^-1 morally in spike length 13.88 cm, and a number of spikes / m² 317.7 spike and number of grains in the spike 65.44 grains and yield grain 4.734 tons / h, while the treatment of the control as little as possible spike length 11.65 cm, and the number of spikes / m² 299.7 spike and number of grains in the spike of 57.2 grains and yield grain 3.504 t / ha higher than the treatment of 160 kg / h was significant for plant height where it reached 105 cm, and the number of tillers / plant where it reached 6.9 Area flag leaf, which amounted to 31.7 cm² while the treatment control the least we can plant height, reaching 100.2 cm, and the number of tillers / plant reaching 5 tillers, Area flag leaf, 25.11 cm², the results showed that there were significant differences between potassium treatments in the qualities of yield and its components except number of grains / spike, where he excelled treatment of 160 kg / h was significant spike length 13.88 cm, and a number of spikes / m² 310.6 spike and 1000 grains weight 41.76 g and yield grain 4.55 ton / h, while the treatment of the control as little as possible spike length 11.65 cm, and a number of spikes / m 2280 spike and 1000 grains weight 31 grams and yield cereals 3.66 ton / h, and the results showed that the overlap between the humic acid treatments and fertilizer potassium has achieved the best results in the treatment of (160 x 4) in the recipe plant height (107.1 cm) and number of spikes / m² (309 spike ) , number of grains in the spike (73.3 tablets) and yield grain per hectare (4.7 tons / h), while it was not the overlap between the treatments were significant differences in the qualities of tillers and leaf area and spike length and weight of 1000 grains.

Description of the growth of Blue tilapia (Steindachner, 1864) in Oreochromis aureus in the Tigris River south of Baghdad

Raaed Sami Attee — 2019-04-19

This study was conducted in the Tigris River south of Baghdad in the period from July 2016 to June 2017. During this period, 236 blue tilapia blue was harvested using various fishing tools (nets, sieves and stoves). With total lengths ranging from 35 to 279 mm and with total weights from 11.6 to 387.79 g. The water temperature was 8.5 to 31c˚ and the air temperature was between 9.2 - 35.1c˚ and the pH of 7.2 - 8.2 was suitable for the growth and survival of fish in the Tigris River. The largest annual increase in length during the first year of the blue tilapia was 82.56 mm and 37.00%, and it is not subject to me because it was fluctuating between rise and fall. She lives until the seventh year of her life and decreases with age. The relationship between the total length and the total weight was found to b (1.76) and is not symmetrical. The values of growth parameters k 0.06 and t_o (-0.18) yr, respectively, and the maximum expected length of L_∞ was 293.68 mm. The condition factor was 1.79 and indicated a good health and nutrition status of fish

Effect of the phosphate fertilizer and organic manure and interact between them on (Vicia faba L) growth and production

Riyadh Shaker B. — 2019-04-19

The experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture farm, Sumer University during winter season 2015 – 2016 in clay loam soil to investigate the effect of the phosphate and organic manure on growth and production of Vicia faba. Three poultry residues levels (0, 2.5 and 5 ton.ha^-1 ) and three levels of phosphate fertilizers levels (0, 60 ,120kg P . ha^-1) were added. The experiments used RCBD , with three replicates .

Results showed that significant differences between organic residue levels with the 5 tons . ha^-1 addition was significantly the best on plant green, pod along , dry weight ,phosphorus content in the shoot compared with no addition. The addition 2.5 ton . ha^-1 was significantly the best on plant height , pod numbers per plant compared with the control . On the other hand , the results showed significant differences among phosphate the in all Plant characteristic levels (120)kg k.ha^-1 was significantly the best in most of the studied plant characteristics. the two interaction treatment (5 tons.ha^-1 +120 kg . ha ^-1 ) and ( 5tons . ha^-1+ 60 kg k. ha^-1 ) were significantly the best in most of the studied plant characteristics (Plant height , pod number , pod length and the dry weight .

Effect of sulfur and NPK treatments on some quantitative and qualitative properties of Pears ( Pyrus communis l.) Cv. Le-cont

Synaa A. Jaafar — 2019-04-19

An experiment was conducted at private orchard in AL-Musaiab region / Provence of Babylon during the growing seasons of 2011 and 2012 to investigate the effect of sulfur at two levels (0 , 500) g/tree and NPK 0, 0.5 and 1 % as foliar spray and 1000g / tree in soil on some quantitative and qualitative properties of yield of Pears Cv. Le-conte using R.C.B.D design with three replicates.

Results showed a significant effect of agricultural sulfur , NPK treatments and their interactions. The interaction of 500 g agricultural sulfur x 1000 g of NPK gave the highest average of fruits number (420.33 , 442.67) fruit, fruit weight (150.11 , 156.84) g, yield (63.10 , 69.43) kg/tree for two seasons respectively, while control treatment recorded the lowest average of these characteristics. Also there were a significant increase of percentage of (TSS) and reduction in Total Acidity in fruits.

Effect of Some Stress Resistant Compound on Some Changes in Vegetable and Flowering growth of Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv.

Abdul-Razak O. Hassan — 2019-04-19

The present study was conducted in a saran clothes sunshade,College of Basra, at Karmat-Ali from 1^st/10/2014 to 31^st/8/2016.The aim was to estimate the effect of spraying three concentrates of 0,50,or100 proline acid or 0, 25, or 50 ascorbic acid or both on vegetable and flowering growth parameters. Spraying 100 mg.L^-1 of proline acid revealed significant increase in most of vegetable and flowering growth .Flowering period increased when plants sprayed by both acid during the tow season was increased with spraying acid at 100 mg. L^-1 and stem diameter with 50 mg. L^-1 of first season .

Effect of low and high irrigation water salinity on the soil moisture content distribution and corn crop productivity using

Abdul Ridha Jassim Oleiwi — 2019-04-19

A field experiment was conducted during the autumn season of 2016 at the research station of College of agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq. The soil texture was clay. The aims of the experiment were to study the effect of two irrigation water salinity levels, which were low water salinity (3.00-3.60 DSm^-1) and high water salinity (7-8 DSm^-1) and soil amendments on the soil moisture distribution and the yield of corn crop (Zea mays). The irrigation treatments included six treatments using the proposed double drip irrigation system. These treatments are first 100% high water salinity, second 100% Low water salinity, third 50% high water salinity plus 50% low water Salinity (remained constant along the growth season), fourth 50% low water salinity plus 50% high water salinity (variable), fifth 25% low water salinity plus 75% high water salinity and sixth 75% low water salinity plus 25% high water salinity. 20% irrigation water was added as leaching requirements. The soil amendment treatments are: first (0.2% fuel oil plus 0.2% lubrication oil) used on dry weight after they were emulsificated with irrigation water and applicated as a single treatment, second animals manure (2% amendment after C / N adjustment and third the control treatment. The treatments were applicated using RCBD. At the end of growth season of the corn crop the results showed that the moisture content of the soil increased as the amount of the water salinity increased and when the soil amendments were added to the soil. The animal manure surpassed the fuel oil plus lubrication oil in increasing the soil ability in moisture retention. The corn crop yield increased significantly when low water salinity was used with amendment addition. The gravimetric moisture content decreased as the lateral distance increased away from the driper. The highest moisture content was recorded for depth of (15-30 cm).

Study of the annual presence of five species of the family of water beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in Basrah and the effect of some environmental

Alaa S. Jabbar — 2019-04-19

The study of annual presence to family Dytiscidae is started between November 2015 until the end of October 2016 in the districts of the city and Qurnah and the center of the city of Basra and Shatt al-Arab and Abi Fertile, and the results recorded five types are Cybister tripunctatus, Hydaticus ponticus, Hydrovatus clypealis, Colymbates piceus. Results showed that the highest rate of the species was in the H. ponticus reaching 5.78 insect / month, and the lowest rate 0.13 insect / type of species C. tripunctatus . Alemdaina station recorded the highest rate of the presence of the species, reaching 3.25 insect / month whereas Qurna Station was lowest rate reaching 1.87 insect / month. The results showed that the highest rate of the presence of the species during the months was in the November at a rate of 4.41 insect / month, while the least insect rate was 0.96 / month for the month of July. The study included the impact of certain environmental conditions and the presence of which degrees air temperature, water, dissolved oxygen, pH and water salinity in the five main stations in the districts of the Basrah province which are Qurna , Almdaina , Shatt al-Arab , Abo-Alkaseeb and the city center of Basrah province. The study recorded the highest temperature of air and water for the month of July was 43.23 º C and 32.58 º C, respectively, while the lowest was 17.07 ºC and 18.80 º C, respectively, for the month of January. The results showed a higher rate of oxygen dissolved in the Shatt al-Arab and amounted to 5.50 mg / l while the lowest rate was in the center of the Basrah province and reached 5.25 mg / l. The study indicated that pH values were close to all stations and characterized a light alkali where rates between 7.44 - 8.16 in all the stations as well it was observed that the highest salinity rates were in Abu-Alkaseeb station reached 7.01 ds m^-1 while less than the rate of 5.04 ds m^-1 for the station of Almdaina. The study found the results of the most important linear relationships and correlation treatments between the population density of the species and attributes measured the highest correlation coefficients were between the presence of species through the expense of numerical density are full with water temperatures and salinity during the months of the year, amounting to -0.84 and -0.79 respectively, while the influence of dissolved oxygen and pH was less than it before as they relate reached coefficient as 0.67 and 0.55 respectively. The results of the biocontrol on the larvae and pupae mosquitoes is superior kind C. tripunctatus on the rest of the studied species was predation rate on larvae 35.22 larvae / day and the pupae 29.78 pupae / day, while the lowest rate was 1.56 larvae / day and 1.33 pupae / day for the type H. clypealis.

Measuring Economic Returns for Eggplant Infected with GreenPeach Aphid under Greenhouses and Control by using Oxamatrin and

Kareem k.Jdran — 2019-04-19

All scientific studies deal with control of Insects and diseases pests on vegetable was focus on the infection intensity and pesticide kind and the concentrate which used without notice to whose pesticide achieve the target of economic Feasibility . wherefore this article was done in (2015 and 2016) to Measure the economic return to use two types of pesticides with different concentrates to control the green peach aphid on eggplant which considered the most damage pest on the crop for many reasons . The results show when used (0.05)ml/L (active ingredient/water). From Abamectine pesticide was more active from both tow concentrates (0.01 and 0.03) ml/L (active ingredient/water). Of the same pesticide and Achieve economic return as the Standards shown . As for Oxamatrine used at (1.3) ml/L (active ingredient/water), to insect control there is no economic return , but when using (5)ml/L (active ingredient/water) we achieve low economic return as compared to parameters shown with first pesticide .Economic parameters results show there are significant deferent depending L.S.D. at significant level 0.05 ,for both pesticides of tow concentrates used (0.05) (5) ml/L .(active ingredient/water). And we can increase the return in case support the farmers by Providing the requirements prediction in suitable price In addition to control the import from neighboring countries.

The effect of solid sewage waste (sludge) on the sandy soil Moisture retention and mean weight diameter

Kawther A. H. Al-Mosawi — 2019-04-19

A field experiment were conducted in Al-Najme field's bergessa region, which is located in Zubair district of Basrah governorate, in spring season 2016. The soil texture was Sandy Loam. The aims of the experiments are to study the effect of different levels of sludge and incubation periods on some physical of the soil during the growing stages of sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolor L.) (middle of the season, 40 days from the sowing dates) and the end of the growing stage, after the harvest and depths of application (0-30) cm (d₁) and (30-60) cm (d₂) in addition to the growing and production parameters. The sludge factor includes five levels 0 (S₀), 25 (S₁), 50 (S₂), 75 (S₃) and 100 tons ha^-1 (S₄). The incubation before seeds sowing factor included three levels namely, 30 (T₁), 60 (T₂), and 90 (T₃).The statistical design used R.C.B.D. The field area was divided into three equal areas blocks The blocks were smoothly leveled. Each block was divided into 15 units. The treatments were randomly distributed in each block. The sorghum seeds were sown in row in 1/4/2016.The irrigation water was added according to the reduction in the water of the basin due to evaporation. The irrigation water amount was equal to 100% of the amount evaporated plus 20% as leaching requirement. Crop harvesting was carried out in 10/7/2016.The results of the experiment showed the followings: Soil water content (pw) significantly increased due to addition of sludge .S₄ recorded the highest value of pw while S0 recorded the lowest value.S₁, S₂, S₃ recorded medium value of pw at mid and end stages of crop growth. Incubation period of 90 days surpassed 30 and 60 day periods at mid and end stages of growth.d2 significantly surpassed d1in increasing pw, where as pw decreased at the end of growth stage compared with the mid stage. The sludge significantly increased MWD at mid and final stages of growth of sorghum crop.S₄ and S₃ recorded the highest values while S₀ recorded the lowest values of MWD. MWD values also increased with incubation periods while decreased with depth of application the final stage of growth gave higher values of MWD compared with mid stage.

The effect of the conventional and modified subsoilers on the soil penetration resistance in clay soil during sun flower crop growth stages (Helianthus annus L.)

kawther aziz — 2019-04-19

A filed experiment was conducted at agriculture college research station, Garmit Ali , Basrah university in ( 2014 ) . The soil texture is clay . Three plow types were used namely modifiled subsoiler , conventional subsoiler and moldboard plow . The first two plows (subsoilers) were used at operating depths of 30 , 40 and 50 cm . The moldboard plow was used at operating depth of 25 cm . These plow types were used to study their effect on the soil penetration resistance of the soil in first season (T₁) middle of the season (T₂) and after crop harvesting (T₃).The soil properties measurements were taken for different depths, d₁ (0-15) , d₂(15-30) , d₃(30-40) and d₄(40-50) cm . The crop used in the experiments was sun flower ( Helianthus annus L.) . The following abbrivations are used for the modified and conventional subsoilers operating depths 30 , 40 , and 50 cm , which are they S₁D₁, S₁D₂ , and S₁D₃ and S₂D₁ , S₂D₂ and S₂D₃ respectively . For the moldboard plow depth of 25 cm MT is used . The control treatment is given (NT) .The experiments were conducted using R.C.B.D. design for three replicates . The filed was divided into three equal area blocks . Each block was divided into eight experimental units . The experimental parameters were randomly distributed on experimental untis . The crop seeds were planted on 4/4/2014 . The irrigation was added according to the difficiency in the water level of water evaporation basin . The addition of water was 100% of the measured evaporation value with another 20% as leaching requirement . The crop harvesting date was 4/7/2014 .The results showed :The plowing operation reduced The cone index decreased for all plowing treatments compared with NT . S₁D₃ and S₂D₃ treatments surpassed the other treatments in recording the lowest values for both parameters 967.911 and 1031.586 KN m^-2 respectively while MT recorded the highest values 1624.957 KN m^-2 . The valus of the cone index increased with depth is 824.608 , 1136.166 , 1493.148 and 1957.859 KN m^-2 depths d₁ و d₂ و d₃ و d₄respectively and increased cone index middle of the season and after crop harvesting comparison first season in the rate of 37.660 and 43.500 % respectively .

The effect of solid sewage waste (sludge) on some physical properties of sandy soil

Kawther A. H. Al-Mosawi — 2019-04-19

A field experiment were conducted in Al-Najme field's bergessa region, which is located in Zubair district Basrah governorate, in spring season 2016. The soil texture was Loamy Sand. The aims of the experiments are to study the effect of different levels of sludge and incubation periods on some physical and chemical properties of the soil during the growing stages of sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolor L.) (middle of the season, 40 days from the sowing dates) and the end of the growing stage, after the harvest and depths of application (0-30) cm (d1) and (30-60) cm (d2) in addition to the growing and production parameters. The sludge factor includes five levels 0 (S0), 25 (S1), 50 (S2), 75 (S3) and 100 tons ha^-1 (S4). The incubation before seeds sowing factor included three levels namely, 30 (T1), 60 (T2), and 90 (T3).The statistical design used R.C.B.D. The field area was divided into three equal areas blocks The blocks were smoothly leveled . Each block was divided into 15 units. The treatments were randomly distributed in each block. The sorghum seeds were sown in row in 1/4/2016.The irrigation water was added according to the reduction in the water of the basin due to evaporation. The irrigation water amount was equal to 100% of the amount evaporated plus 20% as leaching requirement. Crop harvesting was carried out in 10/7/2016.The results of the experiment showed the followings: Soil water content (pw) significantly increased due to addition of sludge .S4 recorded the highest value of pw while S0 recorded the lowest value.S1, S2, S3 recorded medium value of pw at mid and end stages of crop growth. Incubation period of 90 days surpassed 30 and 60 day periods at mid and end stages of growth.d2 significantly surpassed d1in increasing pw, where as pw decreased at the end of growth stage compared with the mid stage. The sludge significantly increased MWD at mid and final stages of growth of sorghum crop.S4 and S3 recorded the highest values while S0 recorded the lowest values of MWD. MWD values also increased with incubation periods while decreased with depth of application the final stage of growth gave higher values of MWD compared with mid stage.

Classification of soils east of the Shatt al-Arab area using technologies for remote sensing.

MOHAMMED A. KADHIM — 2019-04-19

This study was conducted to investigate the Morphological , physical and chemical properties for some soils of Basrah province ,by using Remote sensing Technique as Satellite image Land Sat 8 OLI , contour line and Geographic Information system (GIS) to delineate the land form units in area , which was checked and completed through field observation to generate a preliminary soil Mapping units . Ten profile were selected to represent different mapping units . The results of morphological description indicated that all pedons represent a recent soils which composed rivers sediments with absent of illuvial horizons ( B) . The results also showed a dominance of the dull yellow orange color in the dry state and in the moist state the dominance was to the dull yellowish brown ; Also , the dominance was to the structure sub – angular blocky . Sudden variation of texture has been found in both vertical and horizontal direction with dominance of clay and silt particles with low percentage for sand particle , The bulk density increased with the depth in comparing with surface horizons that appeared low value . Also the solid density increased with the depth in all soils pedons with clear differences among soil units . The results of chemical analysis indicated that OM content was about 1.02 – 19.67 gm .kg^-1 and the highest values were at surface horizons especially in the pedon 4 , . Also results showed that the CaCO₃contentwas high in study area with homogenous in depth at value more than 150 gm .kg^-1 . And EC_e varied from low to very high values in the area of study , as shown in the soils pedon 4 and 5 salinity and a low to moderate . The pH values were within natural range of Iraqi soils in all strips and physiographical units they were about 7.31 – 8.21 . The CaSO₄ content decreased to less than 3 % . Morphological ,physical and chemical properties of the studied pedons indicated that all pedons belong to Entisols order and Fluvents suborder ,Torrifluvents great group ,Typic Torrifluvents sub group , eight series were identified in study area according to Al-Agaidi (1976).

First record of Pestalotia macrotricha as acusal of Rose leaf spot disease in Basrah and its integrated control

Mohammed A.Fayyadh — 2019-04-20

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Plant Protection Department / college of Agriculture / University of Basra during the period from 2015-2016.

The survey results showed that Rose leaf spot diseases spread in all the nurseries surveyed, but the highest incidence rate and disease severity were recorded in Khurh nurseries ( 62.3% and 53.3%) respectively, and the lowest incidence and disease severity in Zubair nurseries( 21.6% and 23.3%) respectively . Isolation results showed the presence of fungus Diplocarpon rosa with the fungus Pestalotia macrotricha from most infected leave samples. The pathogenicity testing results showed the ability of the fungus P. macrotricha to cause leaf spot. In addition the results of pesticide testing showed that pesticide Dazim and Revous Top were the most inhibitory of the growth of fungus Pestalotia macrotricha were the percent of inhibition was 100% compared to 55% of the pesticide Hunter. The results also showed the ability of the Chaetomium globosum and Psedomonas fluorescens bacteria in inhibition the growth of Pestalotia macrotricha. The results also showed that the plant extract (Quercetin), which derived from a number of plants such as onions and apples, was most effective in inhibition of the growth of P. macrotricha compared with Silibnin extract which was extracted from Sylibum marianum.

POLLUTION OF Al-GARAF RIVER DEPENDING ON ESCHERICHIA COLI AS POLLUTION INDICATOR AND IT 'S EFFECT ON

Murooj abbas buhlool — 2019-04-20

Sewage or human excrement that contaminated the water offers the greatest risk to public health associated with drinking water,and pathogens present in water are usually greatly predominated by normal intestinal bacteria, which are isolate and identify very easier . The coliform group traits consideration as an indicator of water pollution because these bacteria are always present in the intestinal tracts of humans and other warm-blooded animals and are excreted in large numbers in faecal wastes , so in case of discharging sewage disposals under untreated conditions. Multiple tubes fermentation method was used in present paper, included measurement of Most Probable Number of E.coli which incubated under 44 C°.Results of our present study revealed that Al-Garaf River contaminated greatiy with coliform group , and all samples that collected from the river and from different stations was contaminated with bacteria where the st.3 was the most contamination. Contamination was higher during the summer followed by the autumn where it was higher relation in this two seasons (773,506) respectively. It was be recorded higher in diarrheal cases in Al-Nassiriya city in the same two seasons where the values was (240, 235) respectively. While it was lower in winter (256) diarrheal case. The cause of this intense contamination is increasing human activities and appropriate environmental for bacterial growth in simmer^,s months.The presence of E.Coli strains in water is indicator of water contamination in other intestinal bacteria that formed danger on the general health.

Conclusions of present study confirmed that the main cause of contamination is sewage influents that discharge in the river without treatment that leads to spread of coliform group in the water and that contributing to high diarrheal cases.

Effect of some factors on intestinal parasitic infections

Hanaa Daaj Khalaf Al-Mozan — 2019-04-20

The present study has included collection of 1001 fecal samples of children aged seven years old and less than that age who visited different hospitals in Thi – Qar Province and in different area to ensure study for all province during the period from the first of October 2010 to the end of July 2011 to find out extent of the relationship between infection with intestinal parasites and factors age, sex, month, nature of water used for drinking, economic status, Location of residence, type of feeding , Education level of parents and Signs or clinical symptoms associated with infection of intestinal parasites . The fecal samples were examined by two methods: direct and indirect by floatation . The results have showed that percentage of infected children with parasites was % 33.3 . The single infections were prevailing with % 32 and Entamoeba histolytica formed high percentage % 28.8 in it , while the double infections reached % 1.2 as for the triple infection was found in one case in male aged four years old . Significant differences weren't found between intestinal parasitic infection and factors age , six , months, location of residence, type of feeding and educational level of parents while the differences were significant for economic factor and the water used for drinking and Signs or clinical symptoms associated with infection of intestinal parasites .

Effect of the addition of black bean powder to Ctenophartngdon idella fish in some blood standards and chemical composition

Yasser W. Ouda — 2019-04-20

The study was conducted with physiological aspects of the blood parameters and the chemical composition (protein , Fat, Moisture , Ash) of the body Ctenophartngdon idella. One hundred of fish used with average 15.04±2.74 were distibuted ranomly on the five treatment by three duplicate for one treatment and four levels from black bean with percentage (0.75, 2.5, 3, 4.5%) to treatments (T1,T2,T3,T4) as well as control treatment without the absence of black bean .The experiment lasted for 30 weeks , and the results showed that different concentrations of black bean has clear effect on the above mentioned aspects significant differences between treatment of four and control treatment. In this study, fish of feed on the fourth treatment was record highest concentration of hemoglobin.

Comparison between Iraqi local and imported meat in the rates of contamination of two types of bacteria in different

Abdullah Hameed Salim — 2019-04-20

The study was conducted for a period of (11.23.2015 - 12.20.2015) for the purpose of detecting bacterial contaminants in local and imported red meat (Iranian ,Turkish and Indian)saempl were randomly collected from four different areas of the city of Nasiriyah (Habboubi - Shuhadaa - Sumer- Salihia). Meat extracts samples were cultured on special culture media (agar MacConkey and agar Mannitol salt) the purpose was to investigate Eshericha coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The study results showed high bacterial content level in the imported red meat, where the numbers of bacteria Eshericha coli and Staphylococcus aureus, mostly, close to the upper limits by the Central Agency for Standardization and Quality Control of Iraq while the local meat showed less than natural permitted by the Central Agency for Standardization border and quality control of Iraq.

Effect of spray on the Biohealth Appetizer in some growth and yield characteristics Of Pepper Hybrids (Capsicum annuum L.) "Kamar and Rida F1

Nawal M. Al-Bayati — 2019-04-20

An experiment was conducted during Autumn Season of 2016-2017 in Tomato Development Project belong to Basrah Agricultural Director, Khor Al-Zubair.to study the effect Appetizer (0, 1 and 1.5 ml. L^-1) on two hybrids of sweet peppers "Kamar and Rida F1". The results were statistically analyzed by using the statistical program Genstat 2013 and the least significant difference was used to compare the averages at the probability level of 0.05. The results were showed that Appetizer concentrations 1.5 ml. L^-1gave a significant increase in plant height, dry weight of the total vegetation, number flowers.plant^-1, fruit weigt, early plant yield (234.76 g) and total yield (36.95 ton.ha^-1), while the 1 and 1.5 ml. L^-1 concentrations gave a significant increase in the stems diameter, number of leaves.Plants^-1, leaves area in addition plant yield (2.10 and 2.20 gm Respectively ).

"Kamar" hybrid gave a significant increase in percentage of polluted flowers, fruit weigt, early plant yield (233.40 gm), while the " Rida F1" hybrid gave a significant increase in number flowers.plant^-1, number of fruits and total yield (37.78 ton.ha^-1). The interaction between both factors gave significant effect in all Vegetative traits and yield except number of leaves, percentage of polluted flowers and plant yield.

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the growth of broccoli hybrids Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck. and yield content of NPK

نوال مهدي حمود — 2019-04-20

The experiment was conducted during the winter season 2016-2017 in the tomato Development Project of the Directorate of Basra Cultivation in Khor Al-Zubair. The aim is to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization and its relation to the growth and content of the Broccoli Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck. of the elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to determine the best fertilizer dose resulting in the highest production and the best hybrid of the conditions of the region. The experiment included six treatments involving broccoli hybrids, Paraiso and Monaco and three levels of nitrogen (46% urea) of 0, 50 and 100 kg. The experiment was implemented as Factorial experiment with a Split Plot Design by Randomized Complete Block Design was used for the experiment with three replicates. The mean of the treatments was compared according to the least significant difference at the level of probability 0.05. The results showed that Paraiso was superior in plant height (cm) and leaf area (Dcm²) and showed a superiority in the content of floral cruds of total carbohydrates (mlgm.gm^-1) and percentage of nitrogen. Monaco plants exceeded the percentage of phosphorus in floral cruds; both levels were superior in the vegetative growth indicators under study. The plants fertilized with 100 kg.dunum^-1 had a significant effect on the total yield of a plant (kg), the total productivity of the floral cruds (ton.hectar^-1), the percentage of dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus content. The plants fertilized with 50 kg were superior in the cruds contents total carbohydrate and in the percentage of potassium, and the bilateral interactions was significant in all the traits in the experiment.

Effect of spraying with bio stimulators “agrosign and liquid humus” on vegetative growth characteristics and volatile oil yield of local mint plant (Mentha spicata L.)

Samira A.K. Matroad — 2019-04-20

The study was conducted during the growth season 2016/2017 in one of the private fields in the area of Hartha, 10 km from the center of Basrah. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the treatment with the bio stimulators “agrosign and liquid humus” on vegetative growth and volatile oil yield of local mint plant. The results showed that the plants treated with agrosign at a concentration of 0.75 ml.L^-1 gave a significant increase in leaf content of total chlorophyll compared to control treatment. The plants treated with a concentration of 1.50 ml.L^-1 agrosign gave a significant increase in fresh and dry weight, the percentage of volatile oil and total yield of oil compared to 0.75 ml.L^-1 treatment, which significantly exceeded the control treatment. Plants treated with liquid humus at a concentration of 0.5 and 1.0 ml.L^-1 gave a significant increase in plant height and 1.0 ml.L^-1 in leaf content of total chlorophyll. The treatment with liquid humus at 1.0 ml.L^-1 concentration gave a significant increase in fresh and dry weight, the percentage of volatile oil and total yield of oil compared to control treatment. The effect of the interaction between the factors was significant in all studied characteristics.

Study of some chemical properties of Rosemurinus officinalis L., and evaluation of the inhibitory effect of its alcohol extract in some pathogenic bacteria

Haidar Ibrahim Ali — 2019-04-20

The objective of the present study was to determine the chemical properties of the rosemary leaves and their content of FTIR in addition to evaluating the best acidity and heat storage of the extract of the leaves and evaluating the storage period in the inhibitory activity of some pathogenic bacteria. Six acidity levels (3 and 4) 5, 6, 7 and 8) and four storage degrees (5, 20, 40 and 60). Results showed that the best pH of the extract was ph = 6 and that the best storage temperature was 5 m. The most affected bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Effect of training method on the growth and yield of some hybrid cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grow in the plastic house .

Abdulla A. Abdulla — 2019-04-20

The experiment was conducted during the winter season 2016-2017 in Siddakheel district, Dhi Qar province, in order to study the effect of two training methods of four hybirds of cucumber planted in the plastic house on vegetative indicators, chemical components of leavs, flowering growth, yield. The experiment included eight factorial treatments which were the combination of interaction with four cucumber hybrids (Sayf F1, Silyon Rz F1, Baraa 138F1 and Rami F1) and two methods of training of cucumber plants (one stem, two stems) . The experiment was carried out according to the split plot design in R.C.B.D with three replicates,.The results analyses with least significant differences test (L.S.D) test at the probability level of 0.05Results showed that Baraa 138 F1and Silyon RZ F1 were superior to the rest hybrids Sayff in number of leaves and the hybrids Baraa 138, Sayff and Rami in the dry weight of the plant and number of flowers while the Silyon RZ Significantly higher in the content of leaves hybrid Baraa 138 F1, Rami F1 significantly surpassed in in the percentage of fruit set, weight of the furit , plant yield and length of the fruit . Rami gave a significant increase in early yield per square meter while the Rami and Baraa 138 F1 significant Surpassed in the percentage of soluble solids . Baraa 138 F1 and sayff gave a Significant in crease in vitamin C content.The breeding of hybrids in two stems was Significant increased all vegetative indicators growth and chemical components of leaves except the content of leaves of totoal chlorophyll .Also weight of the fruit , early yield per square meter and the content of the fruits of total soluble sollds .while the plants grown on the one stem gave a significant in crease in number of fruits ,length of the fruite , percentage of fruite set, the fruit content of vitamin C and the ratio of the dry matter The interaction has shown a Significant effect in most of the studied Characteristics .the hybrid plants Rami grown with two stems gave the yield per plant and early yield per square meter (1.811، 7.25) kg respectively .

Effect of low and high irrigation water salinity on the soil moisture content distribution and corn crop productivity using double drip irrigation system.

Abdul Ridha Jassim Oleiwi — 2019-04-20

EFFECT OF SOWING DATE AND TREATMENT WITH ASCORBIC ACID ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF FLAX (Linum usitatissimum L.

Samira A. K. Matroad1 — 2019-04-20

The present study was conducted during the growing season 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 in medicinal and aromatic plants field of the College of Agriculture/ Basrah University, to study the effect of sowing date 1/11, 1/12 and spraying with Ascorbic acid 400mg. L^-1or without (spraying with distil water) after 30 and 60 day from planting and their interaction on growth and seed, oil yield of flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.).

The results showed Cultivated plants on 1/11 had a significant increases in plant height, number of main vegetative branches.plant^-1, leaves number. plant^-1, length and weight of root system, Seed yield. plant^-1, seed yield. unit area^-1, oil percentage, oil yield. plant^-1, oil yield. hectare^-1 for both seasons, seed yield. hectare^-1 in second season only.

Spraying with Ascorbic acid 400 mg. L^-1 give significant increases in, leaves number. plant^-1, length of root system for both seasons, plant height, weight of root system, weight of 1000 seed, oil percentage in second season only. oil yield. plant^-1 in first season only.

The interaction between first sowing date and spraying with Ascorbic acid gave highest in leaves number. plant^-1, highest percentage of the dry matter of the vegetative total, length and weight of root system, seed and oil yield. plant^-1, seed yield. unit area^-1, oil percentage and seed and oil yield. hectare^-1

Effect flood speed solution IBA and time culture on 0/0 rooting five varieties in Thi – Qar City Punica granatum L

Falah .H. R. AL Miahy — 2019-04-20

This experiment was conducted in the Nursery local of Thi - Qar produced Hardwood cuttings during the winter season 2015- 2016 and 2016- 2017 , evaluate effect treatment cuttings solution IBA ( 0, 500 ,1000, ppm ) and time culture (20/11/2015 and 20/12/2015 ) and varieties ( salimy , Wonderful Shehreban , Nab Gmail , Ras bigl ) wish preparation cuttings 20-30 cm length and 0,5 -1 cm diameter and culture sack from poly ethylene black 25*35 cm after treatment fungicide then treatment hormone rooting IBA speed flood methods 3-5 Per Second , and the end experiment showed analytical analyses compare 500 ppm from IBA and give superior 0/0 rooting is 90.50 0/0 in primary season and 87.80 0/0 in second season and compare primary time in primary season and second season and give superior 0/0 rooting is 88.86 0/0 and 85.66 0/0 respectively . and compare variety salimy on all varieties and give superior 0/0 rooting is 91.50 0/0 in first season and 89.00 0/0 in second season And show analytical analyses significant interaction between experiment factors .