University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research
type: channel
description: University of Thi-Qar Journal of agriculture research is a global, scientific and open access journal. and it is published from the Agriculture and Marshes College/ University of Thi-qar/ Iraq. UTJagr is an open journal that aims to Distribute the all information about the agricultural sciences and all other related sciences to this field around the world.The importance of providing food basket for the global communities and the importance of agricultural science in the development and provision of this basket of food. It is necessary to publish all researches in this aspect to reach those interested in agriculture, so this journal was founded to contribute and transfer of agricultural information.
publisher: Agriculture and Marshes College, University of Thi-Qar
language: en
publication name: University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research
issn: 2708-9339
items: https://jam.utq.edu.iq/index.php/main/article/view/623
items: Effect of Gorogreen five frctus and pollen Cultivar on some physical and Chemical properties of date palm fruits Phoenix dactylifera L . variety resulting from a thesis tissue culture of Barhi
items: Study of Power Requirements of the Combined Moldboard Plow at Different Forward Speeds
items: Comparative Assessment of Melatonin Implants and Progesterone Hormone Effect on the Testicular Changes in Tomcats
items: Effect of Conventional Thermal Processing Duration on Hydroxymethyel furfural, Antioxidant Activity, and Physicochemical Properties of Pomegranate Molasses
items: https://jam.utq.edu.iq/index.php/main/article/view/607
items: THE SELLERS ' KNOWLEDGE OF THE MARKETING EXTENSION OF THE LOCAL HONEY SHOPPING FUNCTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIAL VARIABLES IN SULAIMANIYAH GOVERNORATE
items: Obstacles of Sustainable Agricultural Development from The Point Of View Of Agricultural Extension Workers In Sulaimani Governorate*
items: Influence of Anti-Transpirant, Nano-Potassium, and Shading on Vegetative Growth and Yield Traits of Grapevines (Tre-Rash cv.) Under Rain-Fed Conditions
items: Effect Of Early Quantitative Feed Restriction On Growth And Production Indicators Of Broiler Chickens
items: Subcutaneous ovarian transplantation for short term preservation in cat
items: The Effect Of Dietary Supplemented Ginger And Probiotic On The Productive Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, And Blood Metabolites Of Growing Karadi Lambs
items: Morphological and Molecular identification of some Species of liver fluke in Sulaymaniyah Slaughterhouse
items: The effect of some active compounds of the Aqueaus extract of Basil on some bloodhematological parameters of male rats induced with Diabetes
items: The effect of Nano-NPK, fulvic acid and their interaction on some physical properties of two cherry tomato varieties Solanum lycopersicumvar. cerasiforme.
items: Biological control of the Genus Hyalomma (Hyalomma anatolicum) by using entomopathogenic indigenous fungi (Beauveria bassiana).
items: Histological Evaluation of Some Skin Lesions of Tick Bites in Sheep
items: Effect of foliar application of Humic acid and Nano Iron on Physical Characteristics of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
items: Morphological and Molecular Identification of Acari: Ixodidae in Cattle, and Their Effect on Production.
items: Effect of two levels of AD3EC on the rumen environment of local lambs.
items: Evaluation of the growth performance of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. fry after adding a powdered mixture of some insects to their diets
items: Physicochemical properties and essential elements of some selected Kurdish-grown rice (short-grain) in Iraqi Kurdistan
items: Comparison of the inhibitory activity of Moringa oleifera and Moringa peregrina extracts against two types of human pathogenic bacteria
items: The effects of thermal manipulation during the late incubation period on hatching traits and production performance in broiler
items: Obstacles and Suggested Solutions for Developing Agritourism from orchard Owner’s perspective in the Governorates of Sulaymaniyah and Halabja/KRI.
items: Epidemiological assessment of parasitic infections in poultry farms of Thi Qar province:Prevalence, intensity, and associated risk factors
items: The effect of Different Levels of effect of supplementing nano zinc oxide (nZnO) on the product traits Local goat Kids
items: The effect of Different Levels of Probiotics and Demavate Vitamin Mixture on the product traits and rumen environment of Local Goat Kids
items: The efficiency of some plant powders in the mortality of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
items: Physiological Traits and Growth Indicators Response of Triticale to Glutamic Acid Application Under Anbar Conditions.

https://jam.utq.edu.iq/index.php/main/article/view/623
type: item
title: Diagnosing the reality of the performance of the sustainability system in the field of disseminating modern technologies to sustainably increase the productivity of the wheat crop in some provinces of the central region of Iraq (Baghdad, Wasit, Babylon, a
description: This research aims to diagnose the reality of the sustainability system's performance in the field of disseminating modern technologies to increase wheat productivity in some provinces of the central region of Iraq (Baghdad, Wasit, Babil, and Karbala). The research relied on a descriptive approach, where data was collected from 274 agricultural extension workers using a questionnaire containing 45 items distributed across five main areas: planning and implementation, management, finance, research and development, and media. The results showed that the system's performance was high in all areas, with the media area receiving the highest weighted average (3.98), followed by planning and implementation (3.97), while finance ranked last with a weighted average (3.91). The results also revealed weak integration between responsible agencies, shortcomings in administrative and financial aspects, and weak media performance. Based on this, recommendations were made to enhance institutional coordination, improve management, increase funding, and enhance the role of the media to achieve sustainable wheat production.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agricultural Sustainability – Modern Technologies – Wheat Productivity – Agricultural Extension – Planning – Management – Financing
  topic: keywords
creator: Hussein Ali Mahdi Hussein
creator: Hakeem Sultan Abd Al-Rikabi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 418
ending page: 430
doi: 10.54174/968qhg17

Effect of Gorogreen five frctus and pollen Cultivar on some physical and Chemical properties of date palm fruits Phoenix dactylifera L . variety resulting from a thesis tissue culture of Barhi
type: item
description: This study was conducted during the current growing season (2020-2021) in one of the private orchards located in the south of Thi_Qar Governorate and the cultivated area is imagining dates. Phoenix dactylifera L cultivar Barhi resulting. From tissue culture at the age of (6) years, to study the effect of spraying with Gorogreen live fructus and the pollen variety and knowing their effect on nutrients and the rate of maturity of imagining dates. (ml liter), and classify the vaccine represented by the two types of vaccine (Ghanami green and male) and the interaction between them in the Khalal and wet phases The study showed the superiority of spraying Gorogreen five fructus at a concentration of (1.5) ml/liter, and it achieved the highest increase in nutrients (PN and), and the results of the study showed the superiority of the green ovine pollen variety in terms of enriched elements (P. N. K) for the fantasy and wets tages in Hala lstage As for the interaction between Gorogreen five fructus on a liter and the pollen variety, it was significant in nitrogen and potassium in the disagreement stage, and the effect of the interaction was upper in the phosphorous element in the wet stage .
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gorogreen
  topic: keywords
subject: Barhi
  topic: keywords
subject: pollen
  topic: keywords
creator: Batool Hanoon Falih Al_ Zubaidy
creator: Sarah Jawad Kazem Al Mousawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2022-06-01
publication date: 2022-06-01
starting page: 102
ending page: 110
doi: 10.54174/twcp2e92

Study of Power Requirements of the Combined Moldboard Plow at Different Forward Speeds
type: item
description: The experiments were carried out in one of the agricultural fields of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, using a split-plot design with three replications to study the influences of single factors and their interactions on the performance of the developed moldboard plow. The parameters studied involved: moldboard type (M1: conventional moldboard, M2: finned moldboard), rigid harrow types (H0: moldboard plow without rigid harrow, H1: moldboard plow with one row of rigid harrow, H2: moldboard plow with two rigid harrows) and forward speed (S1: 1.5 km h-1, S2: 2.5 km h-1, S3: 3.5 km h-1). The results showed a significant effect of individual factors on the performance variables. The moldboard with fins (M2) led to an increase in draft force (%p<0.05) compared to the conventional moldboard (M1) by 8.36%. H2 increased the draft force, reaching 17.60 kN compared to H0 by 35.18%. Forward speed had a significant effect (%p<0.05), whereas draft force increased from 16.86 kN to 14.04 kN when forward speed from 1.5 to 3.5 km h-1. The interactions were also significant (%p<0.05). The interaction treatment (M2*H2*S3) recorded the highest draft force value of 19.86 kN, while the interaction treatment (M1*H0*S1) recorded the lowest value of 10.55 kN. Furthermore, the highest slip percentage was observed with (M2*H2*S3) reaching 19.53%, while the lowest was observed with (M1H0S1) at 8.2%. In terms of fuel consumption, the combination (M2*H2*S1) recorded the highest rate at 35.37 L ha-1, while the combination (M1*H0*S3) recorded the lowest fuel consumption rate at 16.60 L ha-1.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fins, rigid harrow, conventional moldboard, draft force, fuel consumption
  topic: keywords
creator: Sadiq Jabar Muhsin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-01
publication date: 2025-06-01
doi: 10.54174/r0ek4058

Comparative Assessment of Melatonin Implants and Progesterone Hormone Effect on the Testicular Changes in Tomcats
type: item
description: The purpose of study to evaluate the effectiveness of melatonin implants and progesterone hormone as non-surgical methods for controlling reproductive activity in adult male cats. Twenty-four healthy toms, aged 3–4 years, were equally divided into three groups: a control group, a melatonin-treated group (18mg S.C.) and progesterone-treated group (megestrol acetate 2.5 mg every 10 days for two months). All cats were housed in comparable environmental conditions, and behavior observations as well as serum testosterone concentrations were taken 20, 40 and 60 days after treatment. melatonin implants and progesterone hormone both led to testicular regression (p <0.05) of treated tom cats comparative to control. Testicular length and width, scrotal circumference, seminiferous tubule diameter, interstitial tissue thickness, number of interstitial cells, and height of germinal epithelium all showed a gradual decrease over the course of 60 days. Regression was modest with melatonin (MLT) and stronger and earlier with progesterone. By day 60, testicular length and width decreased to approximately 17 mm (MLT) and 14 mm (in P4-treated cats), while scrotal circumference was reduced to 2.44 cm (MLT) and 1.52 cm (P4-treated). Histologically, melatonin led to a gradual vacuolation and desquamation of germ cells, whereas progesterone induced marked seminiferous atrophy, change of spermatogenic cells and expansion of the interstitium. There were no local or systemic adverse reactions. Results indicate that both have an inhibitory effect on testicular structure and reproductive activity, the suppression being reversible and progesterone having more potent inhibition.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Melatonin implants, Progesterone, Tomcats, Testes.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed Thabit
creator: Salah Mahdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Thabit, Salah Mahdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
starting page: 435
ending page: 450
doi: 10.54174/y6qedd88

Effect of Conventional Thermal Processing Duration on Hydroxymethyel furfural, Antioxidant Activity, and Physicochemical Properties of Pomegranate Molasses
type: item
description: This study investigated the effect of traditional heating duration on the physicochemical characteristics, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation, antioxidant activity, and mass yield during the production of pomegranate molasses. Pomegranate juice was thermally concentrated under traditional conditions for up to 14 hours, with periodic sampling to monitor changes. Heating significantly affected all measured parameters (p < 0.05). HMF content showed a non-linear increase, with initial low values, a sharp rise between 1–3 hours, slight decline during intermediate heating, and a final increase at 12–14 hours. Importantly, HMF levels remained below the maximum allowable limit of 75 mg/kg, ensuring product safety. Polynomial regression confirmed a strong quadratic relationship between heating time and HMF concentration (R² = 0.912, p < 0.001). Antioxidant activity decreased gradually with heating, while total soluble solids and viscosity increased, and pH and moisture content decreased. These results emphasize the need to optimize traditional heating time to maximize yield and quality while maintaining HMF within safe limits.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pomegranate molasses- Hydroxymethyl furfural - Antioxidant activity – Traditional methods.
  topic: keywords
creator: Brwa Khalid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Brwa Khalid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 270
ending page: 281
doi: 10.54174/pgxn7344

https://jam.utq.edu.iq/index.php/main/article/view/607
type: item
title: Effect of the Interaction Between the Level of Water Dilution, Fermentation Time of Chicken Feed, and the Level of Addition of the Iraqi Biostimulant on the Microbial Count of Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
description: This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of using feed fermented with Iraqi probiotic and water on chicken feed and to study the effect of fermentation on the microbial count of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium bacteria. Four concentrations of Iraqi probiotic were added: 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10/kg feed. The feed was diluted with water at ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 liters of water/kg feed. The feed was placed in an incubator at 37°C for different periods: 24, 48, and 72 hours. The goal of the experiment was to select the best concentration of Iraqi probiotic , along with the best water addition and the most appropriate fermentation time. All fermentation treatments resulted, There was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the logarithmic numbers of all types of bacteria and yeast, and the best results were in favor of the 100% fermented feed prepared with a concentration of 10 g of probiotic/kg feed, diluted with water at a rate of 1 liter of water/kg feed, and fermented for 48 hours compared to the rest of the treatments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Water Dilution
  topic: keywords
subject: Iraqi Biostimulant
  topic: keywords
subject: Saccharomyces
  topic: keywords
creator: Noura Karim Jabbar Noura Karim Jabbar
creator: Alaa Ahmed Marzook
creator: Ali fadhel
creator: Rasha Kazem Hameed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Noura Karim Jabbar , Alaa Ahmed Marzook, Ali fadhel, Rasha Kazem Hameed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 266
ending page: 269
doi: 10.54174/tpbvn949

THE SELLERS ' KNOWLEDGE OF THE MARKETING EXTENSION OF THE LOCAL HONEY SHOPPING FUNCTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIAL VARIABLES IN SULAIMANIYAH GOVERNORATE
type: item
description: <a href="https://jam.utq.edu.iq/index.php/main/The research aimed to determine the level of sellers' knowledge of the marketing extension of the local honey marketing function and its relationship to some variables. This research was conducted in Sulaymaniyah governorate on a simple random sample of 313 researchers, representing 30% of the research community of 939 researchers. The data was collected by personal interview through a questionnaire form prepared for this purpose, and after testing and confirming its suitability for data collection, the data were collected, then processed and analyzed by SPSS Version22 Software. The results found that the level of knowledge of the respondents in the marketing extension of local honey in general was average, tending to rise, and the percentage of respondents in the middle and high categories was 71.57%. Additionally, the results showed that there is a significant correlation between the level of knowledge of the respondents in the marketing extension and variables: age, educational level and use of information source of marketing, while there is no correlation between the level of knowledge of the respondents in the marketing extension and participation in social organization variable. The researcher recommends that the development of specialized training and extension programs designed for different ages and education levels for honey sellers by the Ministry of Agriculture to maximize learning outcomes for honey sellers.">The research aimed to determine the level of sellers' knowledge of the marketing extension of the local honey marketing function and its relationship to some variables. This research was conducted in Sulaymaniyah governorate on a simple random sample of 313 researchers, representing 30% of the research community of 939 researchers. The data was collected by personal interview through a questionnaire form prepared for this purpose, and after testing and confirming its suitability for data collection, th…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Knowledge level
  topic: keywords
subject: , Seller
  topic: keywords
subject: Marketing extension
  topic: keywords
subject: Local honey
  topic: keywords
subject: Shopping
  topic: keywords
creator: shanya Abdulrahman
creator: Dara A. Salih
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 shanya, Dara A. Salih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 256
ending page: 265
doi: 10.54174/ngsvfk71

Obstacles of Sustainable Agricultural Development from The Point Of View Of Agricultural Extension Workers In Sulaimani Governorate*
type: item
description: The study aimed to identify the obstacles facing sustainable agricultural development from The Point Of View Of agricultural extension workers in Sulaymaniyah Governorate in general, as well as to identify these obstacles in each of the development dimensions (social, economic, and environmental), in addition to arranging the dimensions in descending order of importance. It also aimed to find the variance between the obstacles to sustainable development them and a group of independent variables. The research population comprised all agricultural extension personnel employed at the extension centres within Sulaymaniyah Governorate, totalling 93 workers in agricultural extension. Theseworkers were distributed throughout the various districts and sub-districts of the governorate;The research results revealed that the obstacles facing the achievement of sustainable development are average and tends to rise in general in all its fields as well as in each field of the three dimensions of sustainable agricultural development. The results showed that the field of the economic dimension came in first rank when arranging these fields according to their importance. These results also showed that the respondents did not show a difference in their opinions towards achieving sustainable agricultural development with the variables of age, academic achievement and participation in training courses, while they showed a varaince with the variables of information sources and the attitude towards sustainable agricultural development. The research concluded that there are serious and major obstacles hindering the achievement of sustainable agricultural development in Sulaymaniyah Governorate. The research recommended making efforts and activating the role of agricultural extension and other development organizations to address these obstacles.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Obstacles , Sustainable Agricultural Development, Of Agricultural Extension Workers.
  topic: keywords
creator: Lana yasin
creator: Sahab Ayid Al-Ajeili
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lana yasin, Sahab Ayid Al-Ajeili https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 387
ending page: 406
doi: 10.54174/wb73yz91

Influence of Anti-Transpirant, Nano-Potassium, and Shading on Vegetative Growth and Yield Traits of Grapevines (Tre-Rash cv.) Under Rain-Fed Conditions
type: item
description: Agricultural production is considered one of the sectors most affected by climate change, especially drought; in the semi-arid climate zone, rainfall is variable leading to several challenges that affect agricultural production. Thus, this study was conducted using antitranspirant (1:10), nano-potassium (2 g L-1) and 50% shading with a green net to protect grapevines, Vitis vinifera L., cv. Tre-Rash under rain-fed conditions. A simple randomized complete block design experiment was conducted to enhance grape yield and quality, to explore the synergistic effects of the treatments used on grapevines grown under water-limited conditions. The results showed that the treatments significantly enhanced some vegetative traits such as main shoot length and chlorophyl content. Moreover, the variance among values of cluster weight, number of berries per cluster, weight of 100 berries, size of 100 berries, total soluble solid TSS, total titratable acid TTA, total anthocyanin content in grape, total carotenoid, total soluble sugar content in grapes and leaves, total phenolic content in grapes and leaves, total flavonoid content in grape and leaves, leaf proline, leaf lipid peroxidation and yield per vine were significantly different.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vitis vinifera L., Drought stress, phytochemical, grape quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Anwar Mahmood
creator: Tara Faizallah Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anwar Mahmood, Tara Faizallah Mohammed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 340
ending page: 362
doi: 10.54174/yn6x9482

Effect Of Early Quantitative Feed Restriction On Growth And Production Indicators Of Broiler Chickens
type: item
description: This study was conducted in the poultry field, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad, during the period from 1/5/2023 to 5/6/2023. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of feed restrictionsat an early age on the production performance of broiler chickens. Three hundred one-day-old Ross 308 chicks with an average initial weight of 46 g were used for the study and divided into four treatments. Each treatment consisted of seventy-five birds divided into three replicates of twenty-five birds each. The four treatments included the following: The first treatment (T1): Ad libitum feeding during the study period of 1 to 35 days. The second, third and fourth treatments (T2, T3 and T4): Ad libitum feeding during the first week of life (1-7 days), restriction of feed by 15, 25 and 35% respectively during the period of 8-21 days, then ad libitum feeding during the remaining period (22-35 days). The results showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in body weight at 35 days of age and weight gain over the entire period (1-35 days) at T2, T3 and T4 compared to T1, with T3 having an advantage over T2 and T4. With a significant decrease (P<0.01) in T2, T3 and T4 in feed intake over the entire period (1-35 days) compared to T1, with a significant decrease in T3 and T4 compared to T2. At the same time, no significant differences were observed in feed utilization, dressing percentage and percentage of carcass parts and some internal organs. These results therefore indicate the possibility of reducing nutritional and production costs through early feed restrictions without negatively affecting production performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: feed restriction, performance,broiler chicks
  topic: keywords
creator: Basil M. Ibrahim
creator: Luma K. Bandr
creator: Mohammed A. Hussein
creator: Waleed Khalid Al-Hayani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-01
publication date: 2025-06-01
doi: 10.54174/cxy7fd13

Subcutaneous ovarian transplantation for short term preservation in cat
type: item
description: An ovarian transplantation procedure in cat carried out without angioanastomosis on 10 donors in aimed of 10 recipient’s cats. The ovaries of donors cats had been removed and sliced then placed in buffer saline followed by histopathological evaluation, transplanted into recipient cats subcutaneously. One month after surgery, the recipient cats treated with PMSG+hCG hormones to activate the transplanted ovaries. The response to hormonal activation were assessed using two methods, the first was ultrasonographic examination to monitoring follicular development and the second done by estimation of blood estrogen hormone after operation in comparison with before operation. The results show there are significant changes in serum estrogen concentration before and during different times (days) after hormonal treatment of recipient cats in comparison with before treatment which may indicate of ovarian activation containing primary and secondary follicles , this result confirmed by ultrasonography for follicular detection. In conclusion subcutaneous allo-ovarian transplantation could be in immunosuppressed cat with no any visible complications. The study also shows that there are remaining levels of estrogen hormone even after ovariectomy in cat. Finally administration of PMSG + hCG hormone could activate the subcutaneous transplanted ovaries by activation of follicular development
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ovarian, Transplantation , Cat , allo-ovarian transplantation
  topic: keywords
creator: awban aktham
creator: Baqer J. Hasan Baqer J. Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 awban aktham, Baqer J. Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 241
ending page: 247
doi: 10.54174/78jypd68

The Effect Of Dietary Supplemented Ginger And Probiotic On The Productive Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, And Blood Metabolites Of Growing Karadi Lambs
type: item
description: This study aimed to assess the impact of using different amounts of ginger and probiotic in feed of Karadi lambs(%0 control,%3 ginger,%3 probiotic,%3 ginger+%3 probiotic) on productive performance ,nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites. Twenty male lambs (4-5 months old and initial weight 25±5 kg) were randomly divided into four groups (5 lambs for each group) individually penned for 84 days (12 weeks). Each group include 5 lambs as (control, T1, T2, T3).Lambs fed a concentrate diet containing 16% protein at the level of %3 of their live body weight and wheat straw was ad libitum throughout the period of the study. Control (receive basal diet), T1 (receive basal diet with 3g ginger /head/day), T2 (receive basal diet with 3g probiotic/head/day), T3 (receive basal diet with 3g ginger /head/day+ 3g probiotic/head/day). Treatment 1 experienced a higher feed intake and significant (p < 0.05) rise in body weight gain, this could be because of supplemented ginger improved nutritional absorption. The positive effect of using ginger and probiotic was observed in dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, ether extract digestibility, crude fiber digestibility, NFE digestibility, NDF digestibility and ADF digestibility comparing to control ,the result refer to ginger and probiotic addition that they improve digestion, nutrient absorption and gut health of lambs. Collections of blood samples were obtained at the final stage of research study. The overall findings regarding blood plasma measures in lambs that received different experimental diets showed that all treatments displayed little effect on the assessed parameters, as the variations attributable to treatment effects were not statistically significant (p < 0.05), with the exception of albumin and creatinine levels were significant (p < 0.05). Feeding lambs diets supplemented with the experimental additions resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) different pH values, The pH va…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ginger, probiotic, growth performance, blood parameters, digestibility and ruminal fluid
  topic: keywords
creator: chiya mawlood
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 chiya mawlood https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 407
ending page: 417
doi: 10.54174/j1w2kw50

Morphological and Molecular identification of some Species of liver fluke in Sulaymaniyah Slaughterhouse
type: item
description: This study provides a molecular epidemiological profile of liver flukes infecting sheep in Sulaimani Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan. Between July 2024 and July 2025, a total of 211,940 sheep were examined at the Sulaimani Central Slaughterhouse and district/sub-district abattoirs in Saidsadq, Chamchamal, Sharazur, Kalar, Darbandikhan, Penjwen, Piramagrun, Axjalar, Halabja, and Dukan. The overall prevalence of fasciolosis was 5.52%, with significant seasonal variation: highest in spring (7.21%) and summer (6.55%), and lowest in autumn (4.57%) and winter (2.38%). Infected animals were predominantly males (76.8%), reflecting slaughterhouse demographics, while imported breeds accounted for most infections (77%) compared with local breeds (23%). Morphological examination indicated Fasciola hepatica as the predominant species (80%), followed by F. gigantica (12%) and F. magna (8%). Molecular analysis confirmed these findings with high levels of agreement, detecting F. hepatica in 94% of the tested samples, F. gigantica in 95%, and F. magna in 92%. By integrating morphological proportions with PCR confirmation rates. These results confirm Fasciola hepatica as the dominant species in the study area, alongside the validated presence of F. gigantica and F. magna. The study aims to determine the prevalence and seasonal distribution of fasciolosis in sheep at Sulaimani Central, and to identify and characterize the liver fluke species by an integrated morphological and molecular approach (ITS PCR-RFLP and mtDNA sequencing).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sheep. Fasciola species, Slaughter house, Molecular Technique
  topic: keywords
creator: Bahzad Mustafa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bahzad Mustafa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 293
ending page: 301
doi: 10.54174/977ka925

The effect of some active compounds of the Aqueaus extract of Basil on some bloodhematological parameters of male rats induced with Diabetes
type: item
description: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major scientific problems facing the human body due to its delayed detection at its onset. It is often referred to as the silent killer. Cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and neuropathy are among the many complications that can develop in people with diabetes. The pancreatic beta cells secrete the hormone insulin. Its regulation of metabolism is crucial for maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Due to the complications caused by chemotherapy and its high cost, medicinal herbs have been used in this field to reduce the effects of diabetes and lower blood levels. One such herb is basil. Its aqueous leaf extract is used to treat diabetes, given its content of active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and other compounds. Forty adult male albino rats were evaluated. They weighed between 200 and 250 grams and were 10 to 12 weeks old. Four groups were formed from them. A control group, which did not receive any therapy, was the first. On the other hand, 150 mg/kg bw of alloxan was administered to the second group. The third set of subjects received alloxan injections and a monthly dosage of 250 mg/kg bw of water-based basil leaves extract. The fourth set of subjects received a single alloxan injection, along with a monthly dosage of aqueous basil leaves extract (500 mg/kg body weight). Following the injection of alloxan, the findings demonstrated a significant decline (p < 0.05) in the quantity of red blood cells, compressed cell volume, and hemoglobin concentration. As shown in the control group, the levels increased once more after administering the aqueous basil leaf extract. Nevertheless, in contrast to the control group, the alloxan injection resulted in a substantial increase (p<0.05) in the number of white blood cells. It dropped down to levels similar to the control group after the administration of the water-based basil leaves extract (p<0.05).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ocimum basilicum, aqueous extract, rats, hematological parameters
  topic: keywords
creator: Noor Al-Huda N. Abdulla
creator: murtadha abdulahseen
creator: Adnan A. Al-Sultan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Noor Al-Huda N. Abdulla, murtadha abdulahseen, Adnan A. Al-Sultan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 231
ending page: 240
doi: 10.54174/4jjd7223

The effect of Nano-NPK, fulvic acid and their interaction on some physical properties of two cherry tomato varieties Solanum lycopersicumvar. cerasiforme.
type: item
description: The experiment was carried out in one of the unheated plastic houses at the station affiliated with the College of Agriculture and Marshlands / University of Thi Qar, Al-Muhiyah area, during the winter season 2024-2025, using a split-split plot design, the averages of the treatments were compared according to the least significant difference (LSD) test at the probability level of 0.05. The experiment included three factors: the first factor: two varieties of cherry tomatoes, Wadi Star and Cherry, the second factor, three concentrations of Nano NPK (0, 2.5 and 5) g L-1 sprayed on the plant, and the third factor, three concentrations of fulvic acid (0, 2 and 4) g L-1 as a soil addition to the plant, with three replicates for each treatment. The aim was to determine the variety of cherry tomatoes that can be successfully grown in the conditions of Thi Qar Governorate and that has high productivity, as well as to determine the optimal concentration of both Nano NPK and fulvic acid in the physical characteristics of cherry tomato plants. The results showed superiority the cherry variety was superior to the Wadi star variety in the number of fruits per plant, length, weight and diameter of the fruit at averages of (272.9 fruits. plant⁻¹, 17.800 mm, 6.178 g and 17.450 mm) respectively, and the Nano NPK concentration of 5 g. L-1 was significantly superior in the number of fruits, length, weight and diameter of the fruit at averages of (294.8 fruits plant⁻¹, 18.280 mm, 6.356 g and 17.930 mm) respectively, while fulvic acid was significantly superior to the concentration of 4 g L-1 with the number of fruits, length, weight and diameter of the fruit (346.0 fruits.plant⁻¹ , 20.425 mm , 7.150 g and 20.075 mm) respectively, and the results of the statistical analysis showed that the two-way and three-way interactions between the study factors were also significant in the studied traits.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nano-NPK
  topic: keywords
subject: fulvic
  topic: keywords
subject: two cherry tomato
  topic: keywords
subject: var. cerasiforme.
  topic: keywords
creator: hala khadim
creator: Batool Hanoon Falih Al_ Zubaidy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 hala khadim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 374
ending page: 383
doi: 10.54174/0krra375

Biological control of the Genus Hyalomma (Hyalomma anatolicum) by using entomopathogenic indigenous fungi (Beauveria bassiana).
type: item
description: A total of 1147 ticks were collected from 360 suspected cattle across three ecological zones to evaluate and compare the efficacy of biological and chemical methods against hard ticks (genus: Hyalomma), which are the highest infesting ticks on cattle in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. Focused on three developmental stages-larvae, nymphs, and adults-they are tested with both synthetic (chemical) acaricides and entomopathogenic fungus (Beauveria bassiana). Biological control trials involved spraying Beauveria bassiana spores at three concentrations: 10^6, 10^7, and 10^8 spores/ml. The fungus preparation was applied directly to ticks at different life stages, and mortality rates were monitored. LT50 and LT90 values were calculated for each combination, showing higher mortality and faster lethal time at higher concentrations. Another test using commercial acaricides was conducted under the same experimental conditions, and the results showed that the chemical treatment at a concentration of 2.5% deltamethrin caused higher initial mortality, while the fungal treatment showed progressive and lasting effects, particularly at the adult stage and at higher spore concentrations. Overall, the study concludes that Beauveria bassiana is a promising biocontrol agent that, when properly formulated, can serve as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical acaricides in integrated tick management strategies in livestock systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cattle. Hard ticks. Beauveria bassiana fungus. Deltamethrin.Lethal time.
  topic: keywords
creator: Bahzad Mustafa
creator: Hemn Ahmed Hama Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bahzad Mustafa, Hemn Ahmed Hama Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 321
ending page: 330
doi: 10.54174/86e2sr35

Histological Evaluation of Some Skin Lesions of Tick Bites in Sheep
type: item
description: In naturally infested sheep, two genera and four species of Ixodidae, two genera and two species of mites, two genera and two species of lice, three genera and three species of myiasis, and three genera and three species of fleas. Highly infested, as described in sheep, with Arachnida at 55%, comprising 46% Hard ticks and 9% Mites. The overall number of skins refused to the tanning industry was 100 (21.21%) in sheep. Histological and blood values analysis of the skin of sheep repeatedly infested with the Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was studied in vitro. Infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes adjacent to the tick bite site was observed. In this review, the presence of ectoparasites affected both the red and white blood cell series of hematological parameters. Among the main parameters analyzed, hematocrit, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and lymphocytes showed reductions, while eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils increased in infested animals as a result of the host immune response. A t-test, p < 0.05, in this study reveals a statistically significant difference in blood values between individuals with naturally infested ectoparasites. This study highlights the species of Ixodidae and other ectoparasites (mites, myiasis, fleas, and lice) that cause various patterns of cutaneous lesions (as observed through histopathology) in sheep, which affects their industry.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sheep, Hard ticks, Ixodidae, Skin infestation, Inflammation, Dermal changes, Histopathology.
  topic: keywords
creator: Bahzad Mustafa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bahzad Mustafa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 221
ending page: 230
doi: 10.54174/w9getz88

Effect of foliar application of Humic acid and Nano Iron on Physical Characteristics of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
type: item
description: This experiment was conducted at the open-air researches station of the College of Agriculture and Marshlands, University of Thi Qar, Thi Qar Governorate, Iraq, during 2024-2025. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of foliar spraying with humic acid at three concentrations (0, 2, and 4) g/L and foliar spraying with nano-iron at five concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, and 100) mg/L on the physical characteristics of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. Var. Barcelona). Results showed that (4) g/L Humic acid concentration was superior in terms: Plant height (73.89) cm/plant, leaves number(57.78) leaf), stem diameter(2.67) cm/plant, branches number(3.99) branch/plant, fruits number(19.69) fruit/plant and fruit weight (118.14) g/fruit. Also, Results showed that (60) mg/L nano-iron concentration was superior in terms (Plant height(73.40)cm/plant, leaves number(53.92) leaf/plant, stem diameter(2.72)cm/plant, branches number(3.74) branches/plant, fruits number(19.31) fruit/plant and fruit weight (117.69) g/fruit.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Marshlands
  topic: keywords
subject: Thi Qar
  topic: keywords
subject: Fruit
  topic: keywords
subject: leaves
  topic: keywords
creator: Anwar RADHI
creator: Nazar AL GHASHEEM
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anwar RADHI, Nazar AL GHASHEEM https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 248
ending page: 255
doi: 10.54174/s1qv4497

Morphological and Molecular Identification of Acari: Ixodidae in Cattle, and Their Effect on Production.
type: item
description: This study examined the distribution and impact of Ixodid ticks on cattle in Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraq, utilizing both morphological and molecular identification methods. A total of 1,447 ticks were collected from 714 cattle across various districts, including Darbandikhan, Sharazur, Germian, and Qaradax, over three seasons: spring, summer, and autumn from August 2024 to May 2025. The highest infestation rate was observed in spring (58%), followed by summer (45%) and autumn (30%). No hard ticks were discovered on cattle during the winter months during this study. Morphological analysis identified two tick genera: Hyalomma (98%) and Rhipicephalus (2%). Molecular analysis of ITS2 rDNA regions confirmed the presence of one species of genus Hyalomma, Hyalomma anatolicum and two species of genus Rhipicephalus, Rhipicephalus bursa, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Statistical analysis using t-tests and Z-tests for proportions highlighted significant seasonal discrepancies. Infestation rates varied significantly by season and geography, particularly among imported cattle, with Darbandikhan showing the highest prevalence. A questionnaire survey conducted with 100 cattle owners revealed high awareness of tick presence and associated health issues, including skin irritation and signs of tick-borne diseases. All respondents reported using chemical acaricides, though 30% suspected treatment resistance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Identification, Molecular Technique, Hyalomma. Rhipicephalus, Cattle.
  topic: keywords
creator: Bahzad Mustafa
creator: Shakhawan Jalal Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bahzad Mustafa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 306
ending page: 320
doi: 10.54174/qcnpb705

Effect of two levels of AD3EC on the rumen environment of local lambs.
type: item
description: This study aimed to investigate the effect of two levels of AD3EC on the rumen environment of local lambs during the period, from,2\1\2025 to 1\4\2025. The study was conducted at the Agricultural Station affiliated with the College of Agriculture and Marshes. Twelve local sheep lambs at weaning age were purchased and divided into three treatments, with four lambs per treatment, having an average weight of 13.00–13.55 kg. The first treatment served as the control and was not administeredAD3EC,left for comparison. The second treatment received3 ml of AD3EC, and the third treatment received4 ml of AD3EC. All lambs were fed the same diet. The results showed that in the first, second, and third months of the study, there was a significant increase in pH values for the treatments receivingAD3EC compared to the control treatment. Additionally ,regarding total bacteria, in the first, second, and third months, there was a significant increase in total bacterial counts for the treatments that receivedAD3EC,compared to the control treatment
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AD3EC ,
  topic: keywords
subject: the rumen
  topic: keywords
subject: local lambs
  topic: keywords
creator: huda shteeb
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 huda shteeb https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
starting page: 431
ending page: 434
doi: 10.54174/0bgdde84

Evaluation of the growth performance of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. fry after adding a powdered mixture of some insects to their diets
type: item
description: This study was conducted to test the effect of adding an insect powder mixture on the performance of common carp fry which had initial body weight attained (16.65±0.01) g. A total of 72 fish they were randomly distributed into 4 treatments with 3 replicates (6 fish per replicate). A commercial Ferdaneh diet with a crude protein content of 30% and a gross energy 412 kcal/g was used. A commercial insect powder mixture (grasshopper and mealworms) was added to the diets at the following experimental levels: T0 was the control treatment without any addition. And it was added to T1, T2, and T3 at levels of 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively. Fish performance was tested after 60 days of the experiment, based on weight gain, daily growth rate, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed conversion efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio. The results of the statistical analysis showed that all addition treatments significantly exceeded on the control treatment, in the following order: T3 then T2, followed by T1, for all studied parameters hence, we conclude that common carp fry showed the best growth performance after adding the insect powder mixture at the above-mentioned levels to their diet, particularly at 3%.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Evaluation, juveniles, common carp, growth performance, insect powder mixture.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hadeel Hadeel Mohammed
creator: Abbas Kazim Hamza Abbas Kazim Hamza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hadeel Mohammed, Abbas Kazim Hamza Abbas Kazim Hamza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 211
ending page: 220
doi: 10.54174/jnsvz230

Physicochemical properties and essential elements of some selected Kurdish-grown rice (short-grain) in Iraqi Kurdistan
type: item
description: Fourteen Iraqi Kurdish-grown short-grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were tested for physicochemical traits and essential elements. Mineral analysis showed significant variation, with potassium (25,000-58,000 mg kg⁻¹), magnesium (16,000-32,500 mg kg⁻¹), and calcium (16,000-26,000 mg kg⁻¹), while sodium (1,400-5,800 mg kg⁻¹) exceeded international standards. Selenium was high in Bazian (16 mg kg⁻¹). Physical properties, such as bulk density (0.841-0.908 g mL⁻¹), 1000-kernel weight, chalkiness, amylose content (16.2-19.1%), and gel consistency (41-54 mm), varied significantly among cultivars. These findings highlight the nutritional diversity and quality potential of Kurdish-grown rice, with some cultivars having high mineral content and good processing qualities and others having high sodium levels. The data scientifically encourage cultivar selection, breeding, and targeted promotion of local rice varieties to improve food security, nutritional value, and agricultural sustainability in Kurdistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: rice
  topic: keywords
subject: Physicochemical properties
  topic: keywords
subject: Essential elements
  topic: keywords
subject: Rice grain quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Othman Qadir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Othman Kareem Qadir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 193
ending page: 210
doi: 10.54174/0wag1e23

Comparison of the inhibitory activity of Moringa oleifera and Moringa peregrina extracts against two types of human pathogenic bacteria
type: item
description: The study aimed to investigate the effect of the alcoholic extract of the leaves of two Moringa species on two types of bacteria, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are pathogenic to humans. The results of the analysis of the alcoholic extract of the leaves of two Moringa species indicated that the Moringa oleifera leaf extract had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Staph. aureus bacteria. All concentrations of the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Staph. aureus and the effect increase with the increase of the used concentration, as the diameter reached a maximum of 18.17 mm at a concentration of 100 mg ml-1. Moringa oleifera leaf extract did not have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria at all extract concentrations. The results of the analysis of the alcoholic extract also showed that the Moringa peregrina leaf extract had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Staph. aureus bacteria. All concentrations of the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Staph. aureus bacteria. The effect increases with the increase of the used concentration, as the diameter reached a maximum of 16.17 mm at a concentration of 100 mg ml-1. Moringa oleifera leaf extract did not have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria at all extract concentrations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: inhibitory activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Moringa oleifera
  topic: keywords
subject: Moringa peregrina
  topic: keywords
creator: abdullah hussein shalaal
creator: F.h.R. Al-miahy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 abdullah hussein shalaal, F.h.R. Al-miahy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 188
ending page: 192
doi: 10.54174/3mcbff47

The effects of thermal manipulation during the late incubation period on hatching traits and production performance in broiler
type: item
description: This study, conducted over 56 days from November 3 to December 29, 2024, examined the effects of thermal manipulation during late incubation on hatching traits, chick quality, and post-hatch performance in Ross 308 broilers. The work began at Almiass's private hatchery and continued at Sulaymaniyah University's College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences. The study involved 750 eggs across five groups. Until day 18, all eggs were incubated at 37.5°C with 60–65% humidity. From days 19–21, one control and four thermally manipulated groups continued at 37.5°C and 70–75% humidity, with TM groups exposed to 6-hour daily cycles at varying temperatures (36.5°C, 35.5°C, 38.5°C, and 39.5°C) before returning to the baseline. Key parameters assessed included hatchability, embryonic mortality, chick quality, growth, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and carcass traits. Higher incubation temperatures—especially 39.5°C—reduced hatch time but negatively affected hatchability and increased late embryonic mortality. Two indicators of chick quality were observed: the chick length was greater in the T0 group compared to the T4 group, while the T4 group exhibited a higher malformation rate than the T0 group. Even though the feed intake of all TM groups was significantly higher than that of the control, the 35.5°C group gained the most body weight after hatching. There were no appreciable changes in either the production index or the cumulative FCR. While the percentages of thighs and wings were the same, the 39.5°C group's breast output rose. Overall, TM had an impact on a few hatching and performance parameters.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thermal Manipulation (TM), Hatchability, Embryonic Mortality, Growth Performance, Ross 308.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Fadhel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Fadhel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 178
ending page: 187
doi: 10.54174/qsrcmt50

Obstacles and Suggested Solutions for Developing Agritourism from orchard Owner’s perspective in the Governorates of Sulaymaniyah and Halabja/KRI.
type: item
description: This research aims to determine the Obstacles and Suggested Solutions related to Developing Agritourism from Orchard Owners Perspective in the study area. Orchard owners were selected as the participant study population totaled 1,620 in the Sulaimani and Halabja governorates. To Select the sample of research, Morgan Law depending the geographical distribution was used 324 Orchard Owners by used 20% of the study population. The questionnaire was used to gather data, and it was reviewed by some experts to measure the validity. The descriptive statistical methods that were utilized for data analysis by using the statistical program SPSS. The results finding shows the obstacles facing the orchard owner in developing an agritourism were medium to low. As well as the finding, the financial obstacles came in first rank from the respondent’s perspective compared to other obstacles, and the (Combating agritourism projects by the rural community) obstacle came at the last rank. Providing financial support, insurance, and long-term loans for the development of agritourism projects is also one of the important recommendations suggested by the orchard owners. The researchers suggested that all the requirements for orchard owners should be provided by the relevant parties in material and moral terms, review the laws, regulations and guidelines related to farms and agricultural land for changing it to an agritourism orchard farm, and promote the agritourism project, with financial support provided by Stakeholders and NGOs for the development and agriculture of their farms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Obstacles, Agritourism, Rural Development, Suggested Solutions, Orchard Owner
  topic: keywords
creator: bekhal qasim
creator: Dara Abdulrahman Salih Dara Abdulrahman Salih
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bekhal Qasim Mohammed, Dara Abdulrahman Salih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 383
ending page: 393
doi: 10.54174/saqad867

Epidemiological assessment of parasitic infections in poultry farms of Thi Qar province:Prevalence, intensity, and associated risk factors
type: item
description: Parasitic infections represent the main causes of mortality of livestock animals. However, the current study investigates the prevalence and intensity of parasitic infections in poultry across various age groups and farming systems within Dhi Qar Province, Iraq. A total of 1,405 birds were analyzed through veterinary records and parasitological assessments. The study identified several parasites, with Ascaridia galli being the most prevalent at 35.0% and an average intensity of 20.0 ± 7.5 worms per infected bird. Other significant parasites included Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria spp., Raillietina spp., and Eimeria spp. Notably, the burden of parasites and oocyst counts increased with the age of the birds, with adult birds showing significantly higher intensities compared to chicks (P < 0.05). Seasonal variations were also evident, with prevalence peaking in spring at 50.0% and dropping to 30.0% in winter. Additionally, open-sided, floor-reared systems exhibited a higher prevalence of parasites compared to closed cage systems (60.0% vs 30.0%; p < 0.001). Statistical analyses confirmed that age, season, and farm management practices are critical factors influencing infection risk. Our study findings underline the widespread and age-dependent characteristics of parasitic diseases in livestock animals, emphasizing the need for focused management techniques to improve poultry health and productivity in the region
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: infectious species, Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum , intensity and prevalence rates
  topic: keywords
creator: zainab Ali Hussein ali
creator: Zaman Subhi. Madlool2
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 zainab Ali Hussein ali, Zaman Subhi. Madlool2 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 165
ending page: 177
doi: 10.54174/wsa84c95

The effect of Different Levels of effect of supplementing nano zinc oxide (nZnO) on the product traits Local goat Kids
type: item
description: This experiment was conducted at the Animal Field of the College of Agriculture and Marshes, University of Thi-Qar, from September 15, 2024, to January 22, 2025, to investigate the effect of supplementing nano zinc oxide (nZnO) at three different levels (0, 20, and 30 mg/head/day) on the productive performance of local goat kids. A total of 12 local male kids, purchased from local markets in Thi-Qar Province, were randomly allocated to three experimental groups (n = 4 per group). All groups received the same concentrate diet at 3% of dry matter relative to live body weight, consisting of: barley (45%), wheat bran (25%), ground yellow corn (15%), soybean meal (12%), and a vitamin-mineral premix (3%). The main findings of the study were as follows: There were no significant differences among treatments in terms of final body weight, total weight gain, or average daily gain, although a numerical improvement was observed in the second treatment group (T2: 20 mg/head/day), Feed intake and feed conversion efficiency were not significantly affected by the different levels of nano zinc oxide supplementation. A significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) was observed in the mean total bacterial count and cellulolytic bacteria in favor of the second treatment group (T2) (20 mg nZnO/head/day), along with a numerical increase in the average count of lactic acid bacteria throughout the experimental period. Additionally, a significant improvement (P ≤ 0.05) in ruminal ph value was recorded after 45 days of the experiment in favor of the T2 treatment, with a numerical increase in ph also noted after 84 days for the same group.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: nano zinc oxide, ph value, Local goat Kids
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Khashan
creator: Maithem K, Ali AL-Galiby Maithem K, Ali AL-Galiby
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Khashan, Maithem K, Ali AL-Galiby Maithem K, Ali AL-Galiby https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 154
ending page: 164
doi: 10.54174/jwvns111

The effect of Different Levels of Probiotics and Demavate Vitamin Mixture on the product traits and rumen environment of Local Goat Kids
type: item
description: This experiment was conducted at the animal field belonging to the College of Agriculture and Marshes/ University of Thi-Qar during the period from 15/9/2024 to 22/12/2025 to study the effect of different inclusion levels of a probiotic supplement and the vitamin mixture Demavate (AD3E) on the product traits of local goat kids, The experimental animals were assigned to five treatments, The results of the current study indicated a significant increase in body weight in T3 and T4 compared to the control group by the eighth week of the trial, reaching 25.13 and 26.30 kg, respectively. By the tenth week, T2, T4, and T5 showed superior final body weights, recording 29.16, 29.93, and 29.73 kg, respectively. In terms of total weight gain, T2 and T5 demonstrated the highest values at 11.90 and 11.29 kg, respectively, compared to the control. Daily weight gain was significantly higher in T3, T2, and T5, which recorded 141.66, 134.52, and 130.55 grams per day, respectively. No significant differences were observed in total feed intake among the treatment groups. However, the feed conversion ratio was significantly better in the control group (T1), which recorded a value of 10.03 kg feed per kg of weight gain, outperforming T2, T3, and T5. The treatment group T2 showed superior ruminal pH values on day 45 of the experiment before feeding compared to treatments T3 and T4, recording a value of 5.76. Additionally, T2 outperformed all other treatments three hours after feeding, with a pH of 5.95. On day 84 before feeding, treatment T4 recorded the highest ruminal pH (6.68), whereas three hours post-feeding, treatment T5 showed the highest pH value (5.86).A significant increase in the number of cellulolytic bacteria was observed in treatment T5 on day 45 before feeding, recording a value of 21.74 CUF ×10⁸, compared to other treatments. Three hours post-feeding, treatments T4 and T5 outperformed the others with values of 7.75 and 7.64 CUF ×10⁸, respectively. On day 84 before feeding…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Probiotics, Demavate Vitamin Mixture, rumen environment
  topic: keywords
creator: ali nasser
creator: Maithem K, Ali AL-Galiby Maithem K, Ali AL-Galiby
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ali nasser, Maithem K, Ali AL-Galiby Maithem K, Ali AL-Galiby https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 143
ending page: 153
doi: 10.54174/mjyha904

The efficiency of some plant powders in the mortality of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
type: item
description: A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various plant powders, including fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), pomegranate (Punica granatum), anise (Pimpinella anisum), and harmel (Peganum harmala), at doses of 2g, 4g, and 8g. The larval and adult stages mortality of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) was recorded after 24, 48, and 96 hours. The results revealed that the plant powder and the concentration-dependent had a significant effectiveness after 24 h and 48 h for both larva and adult stages mortality, respectively. Moreover, all plant powders and their concentrations, in addition to their interactions between them, had a crucial effectiveness after 96 h as well. The harmel powder scored the most effective, achieving the highest mortality rates of both the larval and adult stages. After 24 h was the highest mortality rates were 29.67% and 68.22% of the larval and adult stages, respectively. Additionally, the results demonstrated that powder concentrations increased the mortality from 37.28% at 2g to 45.59% at 8g and 62.58% at 2g to 70.14% at 8g after 96 h of exposure of the larval and adult stages, respectively, reinforcing a concentration-dependent increase; the mortality rates also increased.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: rusty flour beetle, stored products insects, plant-derived insecticides, harmel powder, post-harvest pests.
  topic: keywords
creator: yusra yusra jamal
creator: Suzan D Hadi Suzan D Hadi
creator: Seham Salah Moursy Mohamed Seham Salah Moursy Mohamed
creator: Zeianb Hudhi Farhood Zeianb Hudhi Farhood
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 yusra jamal, Suzan D Hadi, Seham Salah Moursy Mohamed , Zeianb Hudhi Farhood https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 133
ending page: 142
doi: 10.54174/a04x7b15

Physiological Traits and Growth Indicators Response of Triticale to Glutamic Acid Application Under Anbar Conditions.
type: item
description: This study investigated the performance of various triticale cultivars and the impact of glutamic acid application on key physiological traits. We found significant differences among cultivars in nearly all measured parameters, underscoring the importance of genetic selection. Notably, Sara consistently excelled in vegetative growth, including plant height and flag leaf area, while Rizan demonstrated superior stomatal conductance, tillering capacity, and relative growth rate. Exogenous application of glutamic acid consistently improved plant performance across multiple traits. Specifically, a concentration of 500 mg L⁻¹ generally enhanced stomatal conductance, plant height, and tiller number, while 250 mg L⁻¹ was optimal for boosting relative growth rate and net photosynthesis. This underscores the importance of glutamic acid as an advantageous biostimulant. The study indicated strong connections between genetics and environment. The ideal reaction to glutamic acid was frequently particular to the cultivar. Sara and Rizan exhibited significant synergistic advantages from glutamic acid, frequently attaining optimal performance at certain dosages. Conversely, several cultivars demonstrated no enhancement or deterioration without optimum glutamic acid. In conclusion, to get the most out of triticale, you need to do two things: choose genetically better cultivars like Sara and Rizan and use glutamic acid at levels that are right for each cultivar and attribute you want. You need to use this focused method to get the most performance out of triticale in your area.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Triticale
  topic: keywords
subject: Physiological Traits
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subject: Glutamic Acid
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subject: Growth Indicators
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creator: Ahmed Alhalbosi
creator: Bushra Sh. J ALobaidy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Alhalbosi, Bushra Sh. J. ALobaidy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 115
ending page: 124
doi: 10.54174/ear2wh78