The effect of environmental changes on distribution of Pasteurella multocida in marsh buffaloes in south of Iraq.

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the distribution  of Pasteurella multocida in marsh buffaloes in south of Iraq and effect of environmental changes on distribution of Pasteurella multocida. A total 393 buffaloes of different ages and sexes, from May/2017 to April/2018, were clinically examined. Enrich and Selective medias  ,biochemical test and Gram stain were used. All positive cases confirmed by polymerase chain reaction with specific primer to P. multocida. Statistically the distribution of P. multocida in infected buffalos  (28%) were  significantly higher than  non-infected (14%).some buffalos  with the clinical sings of hemorrhagic septicemia (HS). While other buffaloes showed clinical finding of Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and other appeared normally. The isolation recorded  in male 26% and in female 25%The  number of infected buffaloes under one year of age(32.8%) showed significantly  higher than 1-2 year (19.6%) and adult animal(18.9%). The distribution  rate were 25.3% , 24.4 %,26.4% in Basrah. Dhi Qar, Misan respectively but there were no significantly variation between Provinces .Also The lower percentage of isolation in October /2017 (9%). and highest in February /2018 (37%),  Significant correlations between distribution  rates and mean of temperature at (P≤0.01) level but its non-significantly correlations between  distribution  rates  and mean of  humidity. We describe the P.multocida endemic in marsh buffaloes in south of Iraq, under 1 year old are more prone to P. multocida. There were a significant negative correlations between  distribution  rates and mean of temperatures