Assessment of Unconventional Water HarvestingTechniques to Address Climate Challenges in Some North African and Middle Eastern Countries

Abstract

This study focuses on unconventional water harvesting techniques in five countries that suffer from water scarcity: Egypt, Ethiopia, Jordan Libya, and Sudan. Unconventional techniques have presented a very good paradigm with which to respond to environmental and economic challenges; thus, they have been classified as innovative and traditional methods. MOFs Metal-Organic Frameworks-based newly developed methodologies were able to extract approximately 2.4 liters per day in Jordan. An atmospheric state provides daily intakes between 10-500 liters brought by the fog nets. Surface water harvesting methods like earth ponds and sand dams supply between 1,000 and 5,000 liters per day in Egypt. Libya gets an adequate daily intake of up to 525,680,000 liters from desalination since it heavily depends on this particular method for its water needs. It produces between 50 and 200 liters per day through urban rooftop rainwater harvesting.The results of this study emphasize that Additional benefits from applying techniques that are considered traditional along with modern technologies are achieved when they work together to provide water security and responses to climate change. Sustainability initiatives will include improvements in current water management methods, and increasing investment in research and development, all leading to the ability to meet the increasing demand for water within the communities.