Evaluation of the growth performance of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. fry after adding a powdered mixture of some insects to their diets

Authors

  • Hadeel Mohammed University of Al-Qadisiyah / College of Education / Department of Biology Iraq / AL-Diwaniyah Governorate https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0783-7047
  • Abbas Kazim Hamza Abbas Kazim Hamza University of Al-Qadisiyah / College of Education / Department of Biology Iraq / AL-Diwaniyah Governorate

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54174/jnsvz230

Keywords:

Evaluation, juveniles, common carp, growth performance, insect powder mixture.

Abstract

This study was conducted to test the effect of adding an insect powder mixture on the performance of common carp fry which had initial body weight attained (16.65±0.01) g. A total of 72 fish they were randomly distributed into 4 treatments with 3 replicates (6 fish per replicate). A commercial Ferdaneh diet with a crude protein content of 30% and a gross  energy 412 kcal/g was used. A commercial insect powder mixture (grasshopper and mealworms) was added to the diets at the following experimental levels: T0 was the control treatment without any addition. And it was added to T1, T2, and T3 at levels of 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively. Fish performance was tested after 60 days of the experiment, based on weight gain, daily growth rate, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed conversion efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio. The results of the statistical analysis showed that all addition treatments significantly exceeded on the control treatment, in the following order: T3 then T2,  followed by T1, for all studied parameters hence, we conclude that common carp fry showed the best growth performance after adding the insect powder mixture at the above-mentioned levels to their diet, particularly at 3%.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmed, I., & İnal, F. (2024). The nutritional value of grasshoppers and locusts: A review. Annals of Animal Science. https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2024-0077.

Al-Dubaikal, Adel Yaqoub (1996). A nutritional and metabolic study of young brown carp Barbus sharpeyi, catfish B. xanthopterus, and common carp Cyprinus carpio L. under laboratory conditions. PhD thesis. College of Agriculture, University of Basra, p. 119.

Alegbeleye, W.O., S.O. Obasa, O.O. Olude, K. Otubu, and W. Jimoh. (2012). Preliminary evaluation of the nutritive value of the variegated grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus L. for African catfsh Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) fngerlings. Aquaculture Research 43 (3): 412–420.

Al-Salman, M.H.M. A. (2000). The basics of fish farming and production, 2'd edition, 396 p.

Belghit, I., Liland, N. S., Gjesdal, P., Biancarosa, I., Menchetti, E., Li, Y., Waagbø, R., Krogdahl, Å., & Lock, E. (2019). Black soldier fly larvae meal can replace fish meal in diets of sea-water phase Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Aquaculture, 503, 609–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.12.032.

Bingqian, N., Ali Shah, A., Matra, M., Wanapat, M., Ullah Khan, R., Ahmad, S., Ullah, S., Shuaib Khan, M. and Kamal Shah, M., (2023). Insect bioactive compounds and their potential use in animal diets and medicine. Entomological Research, 11, 429-443. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.12682.

Brown , M.E. (1957).Experimental studies on growth .In:Fish physiology, M.E. Brown (ed.) New York , N.Y. Academic press Vol . I ,p 361-400 .

Das, M. (2024). Effect of Fishmeal Replacement with Mealworm Tenebrio molitor Meal on Growth Performance and Survival of the Black Molly Poecilia sphenops. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 902–909. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/taia5302.

Duncan ٫ D.B.(1955).Multiple rang and multiple F test . Biometrics ٫ 11-19.

FAO,(2009). Cyprinus carpio.Linnaeus, 1758. Cultured aquatic species fact sheets.15 pp.

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (1981). Report of the symposium on new developments in the utilization of heated effluent and of recirculation System for intensive aquaculture, Stavanger, 29-30 May 1980. Rome, EIFAC/T39.

Freccia, A., Tubin, J.S.B., Rombenso, A.N. & Emerenciano, M.G.C., (2020). Insects in aquaculture nutrition: an emerging eco-friendly approach or commercial reality?. Emerging Technologies, Environment and Research for Sustainable Aquaculture, pp.1-14. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90489.

Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds.).(2011).FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version (02/2011) (available at: www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php.

Gai F, Gasco L, Daprà F, Palmegiano GB, Sicuro B (2012).Enzymatic and histological evaluations of gut and liver in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fed with rice protein concentrate based diets. J World Aquacult Soc 43(2): 218-229.

Gerking ٫ S.D. (1971). Influence rate of feeding and body weight on protein metabolism of bluegill sunfish. Physiol. Zool ٫ 44 : 9-19.

Jabbar, A. R. and Salman, A. H. (2023). Effect of Using Three Bacterial Isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453, Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144 and Streptococcus thermophilus 5935 as Probiotics on Thyroid Hormones and Liver Enzymes of Common Carp Fingerlings Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (1758). IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1225(1), 012055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1225/1/012055.

Jannathulla, R., O. Sravanthi, H. Imran Khan, H. Syed Moomeen, A. Gomathi, and J. Syama Dayal. (2021). “Chemoattractants: Their Essentiality and Efficacy in Shrimp Aquaculture.” Indian Journal of Fisheries 68 (1). https:// epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IJF/article/view/95994.

Jauncey, K. and Ross, B.(1982). A guide to tilapia feeds and feeding Ins. Aquaculture, Univ. Sterling, FK94 La, Scotland, U. K.111.

Lalander CH, Fidjeland J, Diener S, Eriksson S, Vinnerås B (2015).High waste-to-biomass conversion and efficient Salmonella spp. reduction using black soldier fly for waste recycling. Agron Sustain Dev 35(1): 261-271.

Liagostera, P.F., Kallas, Z., Reig, L. and De Gea, D.A., (2019). The use of insect meal as a sustainable feeding alternative in aquaculture: Current situation, Spanish consumers’ perceptions and willingness to pay. Journal of Cleaner Production, 229, pp.10-21.

Morais, S. (2016). “The Physiology of Taste in Fish: Potential Implications for Feeding Stimulation and Gut Chemical Sensing.” Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture 25 (2): 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2016.1249279.

Morais, S.(2017). The physiology of taste in fish: Potential implications for feeding stimulation and gut chemical sensing. Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac. , 25, 133–149.

Mousavi, S., Zahedinezhad, S. & Loh, J.Y., (2020). A review on insect meals in aquaculture: The immunomodulatory and physiological effects. International Aquatic Research, 12(2), pp.100-115.

Ojha, S.; Bekhit, A. E.; Grune, T. and Schlüter, O. K. (2021). Bioavailability of nutrients from edible insects. Current Opinion in Food Science, 41, 240–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2021.08.003.

Polat, A., and G. Beklevik. (1999). “The Importance of Betaine and Some Attractive Substances as Fish Feed Additives.” Ciheam-Iamz 37: 217–220.

Röthig, T., Barth, A., Tschirner, M., Schubert, P., Wenning, M., Billion, A., Wilke, T. & Vilcinskas, A., (2023). Insect feed in sustainable crustacean aquaculture. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, pp.1-24. https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2022.0117.

Salman, N. A.; Al-Mahdawi, G. J.; Kittan, S. A.; Al-Rudaing, A. M. and Habah, M. Kh. (1993). Accilimation of common carp, Bunni and Gattan to the Drainage water Saddam’s River using concrete ponds. Marine Mesopotamica 8 (2): 190-201.

Sánchez-Muros, J., de Haro, C., Sanz, A., Trenzado, C. E., Villareces, S. & Barroso, F. G. (2015). Nutritional evaluation of Tenebrio molitor meal as fishmeal substitute for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diet. Aquaculture Nutrition 22, 943-955.

Schmalhousen ٫ L.(1926).Studien uber washtum and differenzierung III.Die embryonale wachsturm skurve des hiichens.Wilhem roux.Arch entwic klungsmech.Org 322-387.

Stenberg, O. K., Holen, E., Piemontese, L., Liland, N. S., Lock, E., Espe, M., & Belghit, I. (2019). Effect of dietary replacement of fish meal with insect meal on in vitro bacterial and viral induced gene response in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar head kidney leukocytes. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 91, 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.042.

Tsado, A.N., Okoli, N.R., Jiya, A.G., Gana, D., Zubairu, R., Alhassan, H.E., and Salihu, I. Z. (2021). Effect of Supplementing Fish Diet with Grasshopper Meal On Growth Parameters of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus. AROC in Agriculture, 1 (1); 01-05, https://doi.org/10.53858/arocagr01010105.

Uten ٫ F. (1978).Standard methods and terminology in finfish nutritions from: proc.World symp on finfish nutrition and fish feed technology. Hamburg٫ 20-23 June 1978. Vol. II Berlin.

Wu, R. A., Q. Ding, L. Yin, X. Chi, N. Sun, R. He, L. Luo, H. Ma, & Z. Li. (2020). Comparison of the nutritional value of mysore thorn borer Anoplophora chinensis and mealworm larva Tenebrio molitor: amino acid, fatty acid, and element profiles. Food chem. 323:126818.

Xiao XP, Jin P, Zheng LY, Cai MM, Yu ZN, Yu J, Zhang JB (2018). Effects of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal protein as a fishmeal replacement on the growth and immune index of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Aquac Res 49(4): 1569- 1577.

Zlaugotne, B., J. ; Pubule, and D. Blumberga, (2022). “Advantages and Disadvantages of Using More Sustainable Ingredients in Fish Feed.” Heliyon 8 (9): e10527. http://doi. org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10527.

Zou, Q., Y. Huang, J. Cao, H. Zhao, G. Wang, Y. Li, and Q. Pan,(2017). “Effects of Four Feeding Stimulants in High Plant-Based Diets on Feed Intake, Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Digestive Enzyme Activi-ties and Appetite-Related Genes Expression of Juvenile Gift Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.).” Aquaculture Nutrition 23 (5): 1076–1085. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12475.

Downloads

Published

2025-12-07

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Hadeel Mohammed, H., & Abbas Kazim Hamza, A. K. H. (2025). Evaluation of the growth performance of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. fry after adding a powdered mixture of some insects to their diets. University of Thi-Qar Journal of Agricultural Research, 14(2), 211-220. https://doi.org/10.54174/jnsvz230