The efficiency of some plant powders in the mortality of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54174/a04x7b15Keywords:
rusty flour beetle, stored products insects, plant-derived insecticides, harmel powder, post-harvest pests.Abstract
A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various plant powders, including fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), pomegranate (Punica granatum), anise (Pimpinella anisum), and harmel (Peganum harmala), at doses of 2g, 4g, and 8g. The larval and adult stages mortality of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) was recorded after 24, 48, and 96 hours. The results revealed that the plant powder and the concentration-dependent had a significant effectiveness after 24 h and 48 h for both larva and adult stages mortality, respectively. Moreover, all plant powders and their concentrations, in addition to their interactions between them, had a crucial effectiveness after 96 h as well. The harmel powder scored the most effective, achieving the highest mortality rates of both the larval and adult stages. After 24 h was the highest mortality rates were 29.67% and 68.22% of the larval and adult stages, respectively. Additionally, the results demonstrated that powder concentrations increased the mortality from 37.28% at 2g to 45.59% at 8g and 62.58% at 2g to 70.14% at 8g after 96 h of exposure of the larval and adult stages, respectively, reinforcing a concentration-dependent increase; the mortality rates also increased.
Downloads
References
Abbasipour, H.; A. Shirdeli and F. Rastegar. (2022). Evaluation of some botanical powders and their combinations against stored product pests. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 62(1): 78-85. https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2022.140531
Abdullah, M. A.; S. A. K. Elhadeeti and N. S. Alshammary. (2025). Role of some plant powders in controlling the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, in the laboratory. Journal of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 56(1): 34-44. DOI：10.62321/issn.1000-1298.2025.1.3.
Ahmed, S. S.; R. A. Zinhoum; M. H. Naroz and H. B. Hussain. (2017). Effects of Modified Atmospheres and Ozone on Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Quality of Wheat Flour and Safety of Wheat Grains to Rats. Academic Journal of Entomology, 10(3): 40-54. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.aje.2017.40.54.
Al-Emara, M. S.; A. A. Alyousuf and M. H. Abass. (2021). Efficacy of ozone gas against all stages of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) at different temperatures and exposure periods. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34(2): 240–252. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.18.
Al-Hayali, T. S. A. and F. A. Qader. (2024). The Effect of Five Types of Storage Bags on the Infestation of Wheat and Barley Grains with khapra Beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera : Dermestidae ). IOP Conference Series: Earth and: Earth and Environmental Science, 1371 (2024) 032017. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1371/3/032017.
Boate, U. R. and O. R. Abalis. (2020). Review on the Bio-insecticidal properties of some plant secondary metabolites: Types, formulations, modes of action, advantages and limitations. Asian Journal of Research in Zoology, 3(4): 27–60. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2020/v3i430099.
Cala, A.; J. R. Salcedo; A. Torres; R. M. Varela; J. M. G. Molinillo and F. A. Macías. (2021). A study on the phytotoxic potential of the seasoning herb marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) leaves. Journal of Molecules, 26(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113356.
Chaudhry, M. Q. (2017). Botanical derivatives as grain protectants. In M. Pimentel (Ed.). Stored-Product Protection. P: 303-310. Springer.
Daraban, G. M.; R.-M. Hlihor and D. Suteu. (2023). Review: Pesticides vs. Biopesticides: From Pest Management to Toxicity and Impacts on the Environment and Human Health. Journal of Toxics, 11(12): 983. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120983.
Deb, M. and D. Kumar. (2020). Bioactivity and efficacy of essential oils extracted from Artemisia annua against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst. 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): An eco-friendly approach. Journal of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 189: 109988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109988.
El-Nadi, A. H.; S. M. El-Khateeb and M. A. Hussein. (2020). Bioefficacy of fenugreek seed extract against stored grain pests. International Journal of Pest Management, 66(3): 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2020.1715156.
Fan, G.-W.; P. Wang; Y.-S. Liu; Y.-L. Sang; N. Liu and Y.-J. Hao. (2025). Insecticidal activity of two Pelargonium essential oils and head transcriptome analysis of stored-product pest Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in response to citronellyl formate fumigation. Journal of Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 208(106278).
FAO. (2023). The Impact of Disasters on Agriculture and Food Security. Food and Agriculture Organization. Pp:168 .https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cc7900en
Gvozdenac, S.; B. Kiprovski; M. Aćimović; J. S. Jeremić; M. Cvetković; V. Bursić and J. Ovuka. (2021). Repellent Activity of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil Against Four Major Stored Product Pests: Plodia interpunctella, Sitophilus oryzae, Acanthoscelides obtectus and Tribolium castaneum. Journal of Contemporary Agriculture, 70(3–4): 140–148.
Hassani, M. R.; H. Tajmiri and F. Saeidi. (2020). Fumigant and contact toxicity of harmal (Peganum harmala) extract against Tribolium castaneum. Journal of Insect Science, 20(3): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieaa054.
Hikal, W. M.; R. S. Baeshen and A. M. Moustafa. (2021). Insecticidal properties of medicinal plants on insect pests of stored grains. Journal of Toxics, 9(1): 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9010012
Huang, Y.; M. Liao; Q. Yang; S. Shi; J. Xiao and H. Cao. (2020). Knockdown of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and CYP6MS1 increases the susceptibility of Sitophilus zeamais to terpinen-4-ol. Journal of Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 162: 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PESTBP.2019.07.008.
Iqbal, J.; G. Jilani and M. Aslam. (2015). Growth inhibiting effects of three different plant extracts on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera). Journal of Bioresource Management, 2(2): 40-48. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm/vol2/ iss2/6.
Isman, M. B. (2020). Botanical insecticides in the twenty-first century—Fulfilling their promise? Journal of Annual Review of Entomology, 65: 233-249. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025151
Jbilou, R. (2022). Insecticidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Journal of Plants, 11(5): 685. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11050685
Juárez, Z. N.; H. Bach; M. E. Bárcenas-Pozos and L. R. Hernández. (2021). Impact of the Persistence of Three Essential Oils with Antifungal Activities on Stored Wheat Grains, Flour, and Baked Products. Journal of Foods, 10(2): 213.
Khalid, A.; A. Hameed and M. F. Tahir. (2023). Wheat quality: A review on chemical composition, nutritional attributes, grain anatomy, types, classification, and function of seed storage proteins in bread-making quality. PubMed Central® (PMC), Front Nutr, 10:1053196. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1053196.
Korunić, Z.; A. Liška; P. Lucić; D. Hamel and V. Rozman. (2020). Evaluation of diatomaceous earth formulations enhanced with natural products against stored product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research, 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2019.101565.
Kumar, J.; S. Ram; A. K. Sharma; A. Kumar and A. K. Meena. (2024). Stored Grain Pest and Their Management: A Brief Account. Journal of Agriculture & Food, 6(3): 133-138.
Kumar, P.; S. Mishra; A. Malik and S. Satya. (2015). Efficacy of essential oils from spices against Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored pulses. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50(2), 406-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12642
Liu, H.; S. S. Guo; L. Lu; D. Li; J. Liang; Z.-H. Huang; Y.- M. Zhou; W.-J. Zhang and S. Du. (2021). Essential oil from Artemisia annua aerial parts: composition and repellent activity against two storage pests. Journal of Natural Product Research, 35(5): 822–825. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2019.1599887.
Mahmood, B. J.; S. B. Shakir; S. H. Abdulqadir; D. A. Sabir and S. J. Hama. (2024). Response of two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to foliar application of Nano fertilizers at two growing stages and its effect on their qualitative characteristics. Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 15(1): 59-72.
Mohamed, S. S. M.; A. A. Alyousuf and M. H. Abass. (2023). Study on the Efficiency of Some Plant Extracts and Nanoparticles for Controlling Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst, (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on Wheat Grains and their Phytotoxicity. PHD Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah. Pp:212.
Naimi, I.; M. Zefzoufi; H. Bouamama and T. B. M’hamed. (2022). Chemical composition and repellent effects of powders and essential oils of Artemisia absinthium, Melia azedarach, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Peganum harmala on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Industrial Crops and Products, 182(4):114817. DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114817
Negahban, M.; S. Moharramipour and F. Sefidkon. (2007). Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from Carum copticum and Pimpinella anisum against two stored-product beetles. Journal of Stored Products Research, 43(2): 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2006.03.003
Papanikolaou, N. E.; N. G. Kavallieratos; V. Iliopoulos; E. Evergetis; A. Skourti; E. P. Nika and S. A. Haroutounian. (2022). Essential Oil Coating: Mediterranean Culinary Plants as Grain Protectants against Larvae and Adults of Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma granarium. Journal of Insects, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13020165.
Püntener, W. (1981). Manual for field trials in plant protection, second edition. Agricultural Division, Ciba-Geigy Limited, Pp: 205.
Rajashekar, Y.; N. Bakthavatsalam and T. Shivanandappa. (2013). Botanicals as grain protectants. Journal of Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, 19(2): 123–130.
Saxena, A. (2016). Efficacy of Indian spices against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) as Third Generation Insecticides. PHD Thesis, Government College Kota-Rajasthan, University of Kota, Kota. Pp: 127.
Shah, Z. and U. S. Parveen. (2023). Distribution and risk assessment of pesticide residues in sediment samples from the river Ganga, India. Journal of Plos One, 18(2):e0249358. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279993. eCollection 2023.
Sharififard, M.; S. Moharramipour and A. A. Talebi. (2019). Effectiveness of selected botanical powders as grain protectants against Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 21(3): 703-716.
Sial, M. U.; Q. Saeed; S. Rahman and M. F. Qayyum. (2017). Upshot of food add-ons on the life history and development of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of African Entomology, 25(1), 37-41. DOI:10.4001/003.025.0037.
Zhang, W.; Q. Wang, and Z. Li. (2023). Insecticidal efficacy of alkaloids from Peganum harmala against Tribolium castaneum: Neurotoxic mechanisms and pest control potential. Journal of Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 187: 105223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105223
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 yusra jamal, Suzan D Hadi, Seham Salah Moursy Mohamed , Zeianb Hudhi Farhood
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1.png){kind=spacer}
