The Effect of Growth Hormone in Increasing Flowering of Gardenia Jasminoides L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54174/7b0g5m11Keywords:
Gardenia, Growth Hormone, Flowering, Propagation, Rooting, Auxin, Abscisic acid.Abstract
Gardenia plants are characterized by the beauty of leaves and aromatic flowers, that makes them one of the most important types of ornamental plants. Traditional propagation methods such as seeds and cuttings are considered insufficient to achieve high propagation rates, for this reason, plant tissue culture techniques were used. This study was conducted in Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of College of Agriculture at University of Kufa, during period from September 5, 2024 to March 5, 2025. Plant parts were used, represented by (shoot tips) and (nodal segments), from the shady (dwarf) variety Cardinia known as (Radicans). The effect of Benzyl Adenine (BA) concentrations on emergence of seedlings appeared from planting shoot tips of Cardinia plant after (4) weeks of cultivation. The 1 mg/L treatment was most effective, that recording highest shoot length (11.0 cm) and number of shoots (1.9), while 0 mg/L treatment achieved highest number of leaves (3.1), but had lower branch length (0.40 cm). The 0.5 mg/L treatment also showed good response, achieving high leaf width (2.1 cm) despite decrease in number of shoots to 1.2. In contrast, the 1.5 mg/L treatment showed an increase in number of branches (2.0) and number of leaves (3.9), but recorded lower shoot length (0.60 cm). On the other hand, 2 mg/L treatment was the least effective, recording lowest number of leaves (0.04) and shoot length (0.10 cm). While the effect of different concentrations of (BA) on multiplying gardenia plants was shown after 12 weeks of cultivation, and concentration 1.5 mg/L recorded highest number of shoots (4.5) and highest number of leaves (4.55), which indicating the effectiveness of this concentration in promoting growth, while concentration of 2.5 mg/L was lowest, recording lowest number of shoots (0.55) and lowest number of leaves (1.85). As for effect of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) concentrations on emergence of plantlets from tips of gardenia plant after (4) weeks of cultivation, highest response was shown at concentration of 2.5 mg/L, where a 100% response rate was recorded with shoot lengths of (10.3) cm and number of leaves of (39). While the concentration of 0 mg/L was lowest, as no response or growth was recorded. While effect of (NAA) concentrations on growth of gardenia plant was shown after (12) weeks of planting, plants at concentration of 0 mg/L did not show any response, as all values were zero. With increasing concentration to 0.5 mg/L, a complete response (100%) was shown, with production of 5.12 shoots and branch length of (1.65) cm. At concentration of 1 mg/L, the number of shoots decreased to (4.50), Although the response remained complete.
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