The effect of plant density and spraying with salicylic acid on the development, harvest, and chemical components of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54174/1yax4v82Keywords:
Dry weight; Plant density; Productivity; Soluble carbohydrates; Volatile oil.Abstract
The investigation was carried out through the 2023-2024 growing season in one of the fields of Abi Al-Khasib District, Basrah Governorate, Iraq. The experiment aimed to study the effect of three plant densities on growing the fenugreek cv. local (61111, 81481, and 122222 ha-1) and spraying fenugreek plants with three concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 20, and 40 mg L-1) on the growth, yield, and chemical components of the seeds. The factorial investigation was taken out according to the complete randomized block design, with three replications for each treatment. The data were analyzed using the variance analysis and compared between the treatments means according to the least significant difference test at the probability level of 5%. The most important results obtained can be summarized as follows: The density of 61,111 plants ha-1 was significantly superior to the total number of leaves, the number of branches, the fresh weight of the plant, the dry weight of the plant, the total number of flowers, the number of seeds per pod, the total number of seeds, the weight of one thousand seeds, the seed yield per plant, the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates, the percentage of protein, a fat and volatile oil in the leaves reached 314.4 leaves, 17.72 branches, 48,089 g, 7.942 g, 115.22 flowers, 15.55 pod seed-1, 1430.1 seed-1, 10,694 g seed-1, 15.296 g plant-1, 76.69 mg.g-1, 10.596.41 %, %, 3.592%, respectively. This treatment showed a significant decrease in height of the plant, the day numbers to flower opening, and total seed productivity of 61.34 cm, 69.0 days, and 0.934 tons ha-1, respectively. The high density of 122,222 ha-1 plants led to a significant increase in the total seed yield, which amounted to 1.732 tons ha-1. The plants sprayed with salicylic acid at 40 mg L-1 led to significantly increased plant height, several leaves, and branches, fresh and dry weight of the plant, the total number of flowers and pods, the weight of a thousand seeds, the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates, protein, fat and volatile oil in The seeds amounted to 64.87 cm, 334.8 leaves, 17.57 branches, 48.429 g, 7.942 g, 114.67 flowers 92.22 pods, 10.55 g, 74.14 mg g-1, 23.91%, 10.529%, 3.528 %, respectively. The same concentration of salicylic acid reduced the number of days for flowers to open by 68.0 days. Whilst, the 20 mg L-1 concentration showed a significant increase in yield per plant and total productivity of 15.14 g, 1.320 tons ha-1. The relations between the two investigation factors had a significant impact on most of the recorded characteristics.
Downloads
References
Abdi, S. (2020). Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid on yield, yield components and essential oil of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under water deficit conditions. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 10(4): 37-51.
Abdul-Hafeez, E. Y. (2019). Enhancement of growth and steroidal saponins content in fenugreek by foliar application of some growth promoting substances. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 50(2): 109-119.
Al-Rawi, K.M., & Khalaf Allah, A.M. (2000). Design and Analysis of Agricultural Experiments. Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing, University of Mosul, Iraq, 19, 487.
Al-Saeedi, H.A.M. (2018). The effect of planting distances and spraying with humic acid on growth characteristics and yield of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences 9 (4), 118- 125.
Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, & Horwitz, W. (2004). Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed., Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
Cleland, C. F., & Ajami, A. (1974). Identification of the flower-inducing factor isolated from aphid honeydew as being salicylic acid. Plant Physiology, 54(6), 904-906.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. T., & Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances. Analytical chemistry, 28(3), 350-356.
Dudam ,W.(2001).U.S. Researchers Launch Big Prostate Cancer Study .Reuters .
Guenther, E.S. (1972). Essential Oils. R. E. Krieger Publishing Company, Hunting on, New York, U.S.A, PP, 18-87.
Hayat, Q., Hayat, S., Irfan, M., & Ahmad, A. (2010). Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing environment: a review. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 68(1), 14-25.
Makai,S.; Balatinez, J. and Pocza, V.(1999). Examinations on Biologm of germination of the fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.). Acta Agronomica Bavariensis.,41(1), 27-34.
Moosavi, S. G., Seghatoleslami, M. J., Khosravi, M., & Joyban, Z. (2013). Effect of Irrigation Interval, N Fertilizer Rate and Plant Density on Yield and Chemical Composition of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gracum L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products, 2, 91-99.
Petropoulos, G. A. (Ed.). (2002). Fenugreek: The Genus Trigonella. CRC Press. Taylor and Francis ,Landon and New York, P,1-255.
Qutb, F.T. (1979). Medicinal plants, their cultivation, and their components. Arab Book House, Libya.
Ramezani,,M.; Mirmiran S.M. &.Fatima, M. (2014). The effect of plant density and seed priming with salicylic acid and humic acid on physiological characterist of fenugreek.3rd National on Grass of Medicinal Plants, 14-15 May 2014 ,Mashhad- Iran.
Tiwari, D., Upadhyay, S., & Paliwal, A. (2016). Plant spacing response on growth and yield of fenugreek in high altitude of Uttarakhand. International Journal of New Technology and Research, 2(10), 10-13.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.