The Effect of Biochar Levels on the Efficiency of Nitrogen Absorption and some Growth Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum .L (
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54174/hwa41y81Keywords:
biochar , nitrogen efficiency , wheat yield .Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at the second research station of the College of Agriculture , Al-Muthanna University in the agricultural season 2022/2023 to study the effect of adding biochar levels on the efficiency of nitrogen (N) absorption and some growth characteristics of the wheat crop. Biochar was added at four levels (0, 1.5, 2, 2.5) percentage (%) by volume to the soil before planting. Planting took place on 11/23/2022. An experiment was applied in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. The means were compared according to the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the probability level of >= 0.05. The percentage of chlorophyll in the plant, the efficiency of nitrogen absorption at the flowering and harvesting stages, the height of the plant, the biological yield, and the concentration of nitrogen in the plant at the flowering and harvesting stages were studied. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences when adding biochar in plant height ( A3, 107.73 Cm ) and chlorophyll content in the leaves ( A2 , 48.80 spad and A1 , 48.15 spad ) , as all treatments were superior to the control treatment. There were significant differences for adding biochar in the amount of nitrogen in the plant at the flowering ( A3 , 395 kg ha-1 ) and harvesting stage ( A3 , 250 kg ha-1 ), as all treatments outperformed on the control treatment. The results also showed that there were significant differences for adding biochar in flag leaf area ( A2 ,71.62 cm2 and A3 , 70.26 cm2 ) and the efficiency of nitrogen absorption at the flowering ( A3 , 64.4 % ) and harvesting stage ( A3 , 50 % ).
Downloads
References
Abbas T, Rizwan M, Ali S, Rehman MZ, Qayyum MF, Abbas F, Hannan F, Rinklebe J, Ok YS (2017) Effect of biochar on cadmium bioavailability and uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a soil with aged contamination. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 140:37–47
Ayaz, M., Feizienė, D., Tilvikienė, V., Akhtar, K., Stulpinaitė, U.,& Iqbal, R. (2021). Biochar Role in the Sustainability of Agriculture and Environment. Sustainability, 13(3), 1330
DeLuca, T. H.; Gundale, M. J.; MacKenzie, M. D. and Jones, D. L. (2015). Biochar effects on soil nutrient transformations. Biochar for environmental management: science, technology and implementation, 2, 421-454.
Domingues, R. R., Trugilho, P. F., Silva, C. A., de Melo, I.C.N., Melo,I C., Magriotis, Z. M. and Sanchez-Monedero, M. A. 2017 Properties of biochar derived from wood and high-nutrient biomasses with the aim of agronomic and environmental benefits Plos one, 12(5):176884
Doydora, S. A.; Cabrera, M. L.; Das, K. C.; Gaskin, J. W.; Sonon, L. S. and Miller, W. P. (2011). Release of nitrogen and phosphorus from poultry litter amended with acidified biochar. International journal of environmental research and public health, 8(5), 1491- 1502
from petroleum industry: current practices and perspectives. Environ. Sci. Poll. Res. 1–9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04725-x.
Hale, S.E.; Nurida, N.L.; Mulder, J.; Sørmo, E.; Silvani, L.; Abiven, S.; Joseph, S.; Taherymoosavi, S.; Cornelissen, G. The Effect of Biochar, Lime and Ash on Maize Yield in a Long-Term Field Trial in a Ultisol in the Humid Tropics. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 719, 137455
Hale, S.E.; Nurida, N.L.; Mulder, J.; Sørmo, E.; Silvani, L.; Abiven, S.; Joseph, S.; Taherymoosavi, S.; Cornelissen, G. The Effect of Biochar, Lime and Ash on Maize Yield in a Long-Term Field Trial in a Ultisol in the Humid Tropics. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 719, 137455
Ichami, S. M.; Shepherd, K. D.; Sila, A. M.; Stoorvogel, J. J. and Hoffland, E. (2018). Fertilizer response and nitrogen use efficiency in African smallholder maize farms. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 113(1):1–19
Lehmann J, Rillig MC, Thies J, Masiello CA, HockadayWC, Crowley D (2011) Biochar effects on soil biota–a review. Soil Biol Biochem 43: 1812–1836.
Nguyen, T. T. N.; Xu, C. Y.; Tahmasbian, I.; Che, R.; Xu, Z.; Zhou, X. and Bai, S. H. (2017). Effects of biochar on soil available inorganic nitrogen: a review and meta-analysis. Geoderma, 288, 79-96.
Rehman, M. Z. U., Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Fatima, N., Yousaf, B., Naeem. A., and Ok, Y.S.,(2016). Contrasting effects of biochar, compost and farm manure on alleviation of nickel toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.) in relation to plant growth, photosynthesis and metal uptake. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 133, 218-225.
Rizwan M, Ali S, Qayyum MF, Ibrahim M, Rehman MZ, Abbas T, Ok YS (2016). Mechanisms of biochar-mediated alleviation of toxicity of trace elements in plants:a critical review. Environ Sci. Pollut. Res 23:2230–2248
Taghizadeh-Toosi, A.; Clough, T. J.; Sherlock, R. R. and Condron, L. M. (2012). Biochar adsorbed ammonia is bioavailable. Plant and soil, 350(1-2), 57-69.
Waters, D.; Van Zwieten, L.; Singh, B. P.; Downie, A.; Cowie, A. L. and Lehmann, J. (2011). Biochar in soil for climate change mitigation and adaptation. In: Soil Health and Climate Change. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 345-368 ..
Zhibin, L. I. N.; Qi, L. I. U.; Gang, L. I. U.; Cowie, A. L.; Qicheng, B. E. I.; Benjuan, L. I. U. and Zubin, X. I. E. (2017). Effects of Different Biochars on Pinus elliottii Growth, N Use Efficiency, Soil N2O and CH4 Emissions and C Storage in a Subtropical Area of China. Pedosphere, 27(2), 248-261
Shalash, Zahraa and Wahih (2020) The role of integrated fertilization of phosphorous and biochar (Biochar) in the availability of phosphorus and the growth yield of yellow corn (Zea mays L.) in two different soils Textile. Master thesis. College of Agriculture. University of Basra.
Meier S. (2019) Effects of three biochar on copper immobilization and soil microbial communities in a metal-contaminated soil using a metallophyte and two agricultural plants. Environ Geochem Health. https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1065 3-019-00436 –x.
Oladele, S. O.; Adeyemo, A. J. and Awodun, M. A. (2019). Influence of rice husk biochar and inorganic fertilizer on soil nutrients availability and rain-fed rice yield in two contrasting soils. Geoderma, 336, 1-11.
Xu, G.; Zhang, Y.; Sun, J. and Shao, H. (2016). Negative interactive effects between biochar and phosphorus fertilization on phosphorus availability and plant yield in saline sodic soil. Science of the Total Environment, 568, 910-915.
Jadoua, Khudair Abbas and Hamad Mohammed Salih (2013). Fertilizing wheat crop. Ministry of Agriculture. The National Program for the Development of Wheat Cultivation in Iraq. Guidance leaflet. Number 2
Schwab, G. J. and L.W. Murdock (2010). Nitrogen transformation inhibitors and controlled release urea cooperative extension service. University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Lexington, Ky,40546. pp.: 6
Felix , L. ; Grabosky , J . and Bassuk . N . 2000 . Use of the Minolta SPAD - 502 to determine chlorophyll concentration in Ficus benjamina L. and populous deltoids marsh leaf tissue . Hort sci . 35 (3) : 423 – 424.
Havlin, J.L,;J .D. Beaton.; S.L. Tisdale and W .L. Nelson. 2005.soil Fertility and Fertilizers, An Introduction to nutrient management.7th edition. Pearson Prentice Hell. New Jersey, USA .p528
Al-Samawi, Hanoon Nahi. 2012. Field evaluation of aqueous extracts of some plants in inhibiting the nitrification process and volatilization of ammonia and its impact on the growth of barley (Hordeum vulgar. L. Master thesis. College of Agriculture, University of Basra.
Abdul-Khaleq, Asala Manaf 2017. The effect of nitrogen levels and chelated iron spraying on nitrogen concentration in soil and plants. Master Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture. Muthanna University.
Singh, B., Camps-Arbestain, M. and Lehmann, J. eds. 2017a. Biochar; a guide to analytical methods. Csiro Publishing.
Muzaffar Ahmed Daoud Al-Mawsili. 2018. Complete in fertilizers and fertilization (analysis of soil, plants and water). Scientific books house for publishing. Beirut. Lebanon. P: 203,346.
Mansour, Nasser Jassim. 2022. Effect of charcoal and agricultural perlite on some soil properties, growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Master Thesis, College of Agriculture. Al-Muthanna University.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1.png){kind=spacer}
